qT 
about 375 pounds, while the caustic soda is put up in iron drums con- 
taining a single cake each, weighing about 800 pounds. The soda is 
the most difficult to dissolve, but this could doubtless be obviated by 
first dissolving it in cold water and then using the solution as required. 
This insecticide may be applied at any time during the growing season. 
A stronger wash is required for the San José scale (Aspidiotus perni- 
ciosus Comstock), and the following formula gives the best results: 
UM ELLOS S06 Aon AE a eee Ne ee ae a a pounds.. 30 
Caustic soda (70 DEL CCLU) acces See anictenat setieeets scce sajlo Se dotz2s 19 
MMO Uber mentee aia a acielacs scoala amis d dds asesccadduccss pints.. 44 
Mier cnonety ti MBkGis. 22.0 lac s5e5- 5. 82sec ee cce et aes gallons.. 100 
Place all the ingredients in a kettle and cover with water to a depth 
of 4 or 5 inches; boil briskly for about two hours, or until the compound 
can be perfectly dissolved with water. When this stage is reached the 
kettle should be filled up with water, care being taken not to chill the 
wash by adding large quantities of cold water at once. It may be thus 
diluted to about 40 gallons, the additional water being added from time 
to time as it is used. 
This preparation should only be applied during winter or during the 
dormant period; applied in the growing season, it will cause the loss 
of foliage and fruit. 
In the application of both these washes a very fine spray is not essen- 
tial, as the object is not simply to wet the tree, but to thoroughly coat 
it over with the compound, and this can be best accomplished by the 
use of a rather coarse spray, which can be thrown upon the tree with 
considerable force. 
THE ARSENITES: LONDON PURPLE, PARIS GREEN, AND WHITE AR. 
SENIC. 
These poisons areof the greatest serviceagainst all masticating insects, 
as larve and beetles, and they furnish the most satisfactory means of 
controlling most leaf-feeders, and the best wholesale remedy against 
the codling-moth. Caution must be used in applying them, on account 
of the liability of burning or scalding the foliage. 
The poisons should be thoroughly mixed with water at the rate of 
from 1 pound to 100 to 250 gallons of water, and applied with a force 
pump and spray nozzle. In preparing the wash, it will be best to 
first mix the poison with a small quantity of water, making a thick 
batter, and then dilute the latter and add to the reservoir or spray 
tank, mixing the whole thoroughly. When freshly mixed, either Lon- 
don purple or Paris green may be applied to apple, plum, and other 
fruit trees, except the peach, at the rate of 1 pound to 150 to 200 gal- 
lons, the latter amount being recommended for the plum, which is 
somewhat more susceptible to scalding than the apple. White arsenic 
does little, if any, injury at the rate of 1 pound to 50 gallons of water 
when freshly mixed. As shown by Mr. Gillette, however, when allowed 
to remain for some time (two weeks or more) in water, the white arsenic 
