12 
cases of infestation and during the dormant period, and should never 
be attempted after the first sign of spring growth appears. 
In many eases plant-bugs and beetles may be jarred into cloths sat- 
urated with kerosene or into pans with water and oil and destroyed, 
where it would be unsafe or inadvisable to spray the plants themselves. 
As aremedy against the mosquito, kerosene las proven very effect- 
ive (Howard). It is employed to destroy the larvie of the mosquitoes 
in their favorite breeding places in small pools, still ponds, or stagnant 
water, and where such bodies of water are not sources of drinking sup- 
ply or of value for their fish, especially in the case of temporary pools 
from rains, which frequently breed very disagreeable local swarms, the 
use of oil is strongly recommended. The kerosene is applied at the 
rate of one ounce to 15 square feet of water surface, and forms a uniform 
film over the surface and destroys all forms of aquatie insect life, includ- 
ing the larvie of the mosquito and also the adult females coming to 
the water to deposit their eggs. The application retains its efficiency 
for several weeks, even with the occurrence of heavy rains. 
THE RESIN WASHES. 
These washes have proved of greatest value, particularly against 
red scale (Aspidiotus aurantii) in California, and will be of use in all 
similar climates where the oceurrence of comparatively rainless seasons 
insures the continuance of the wash on the trees for a considerable 
period, and where, owing to the warmth, the multiplication of the 
scale-insects continues almost without Interruption throughout the 
year. Where rains are liable to occur at short intervals, and in the 
northern States, the quicker-acting and stronger kerosene washes are 
preferable. The resin washes act by contact, having a certain caustic 
effect, but principally by forming an impervious coating over the seale- 
insects, thereby smothering them. The application may be more liberal 
than with the kerosene washes, the object being to thoroughly wet the 
bark. 
The wash is made as follows: 
RGSinet < eee ee ae Dees ee Se a eel oie a ote ee ee pounds... 20 
OaAUSbIG BOMaak 26k. Someta ese See” tee = ee dO =-feaD 
BASCOM cite te ee ee Seen oe oe et ee ee ee pints... 24 
Wisiber st omirarce ashe) Se 6 Raa Ve pee eee ee ee eS gallons... 100 
The ordinary commercial resin is used and the caustic soda is that 
put up for soap establishments in large 200-pound drums. Smaller 
quantities may be obtained at soap factories. These substances should 
be finely broken up to hasten action and placed, with the oil, in a large 
kettle with sufficient water tocoverthem. Boiling should be continued 
for one or two hours with occasional additions of cold water, or until 
the compound will mix perfectly in water instead of breaking up into 
yellowish flakes. The undiluted wash is pale yellow; interinixed with 
water it becomes dark reddish brown. It may be kept in concentrated 
form and diluted as required, 

