
13 
A stronger wash is necessary for the more resistant San José scale 
- (Aspidiotus perniciosus), and for this the dilution should be one-third 
less or to 663 gallons instead of 100. This stronger mixture is a winter 
wash, and is only to be applied during the dormant period; in the 
growing season it will cause the loss of foliage and fruit. 
MEANS OF APPLYING THE FOREGOING INSECTICIDES. 
For the dry use of powders the dusting bags already described are 
very satisfactory, or for garden work some of the small powder bellows 
and blowers are excellent. The best of these cost about $2 each and 
are on the market in many styles. 
Better apparatus is required for the wet applications where success. 
ful results require the breaking up of the liquid into a fine mist-like 
spray. The essential features of such an apparatus are a strong force 
pump, one-half inch cloth-reinforced hose, and a suitable spray tip. 
The size of the apparatus will depend on the amount of vegetation to 
be treated. For limited garden work and for the treatment-of small 
plants-the knapsack pumps or the small bucket force pumps are suit- 
able, the former costing about $14 and the latter from $6 to $9. 
Ready fitted pumps, knapsack and others, for the application of insec- 
ticides are now made by all the leading pump manufacturers of this 
country and also large reservoirs with pump attached for extended 
orchard operations, the cost of these latter ranging from $25 to $75, 
This outlay may be greatly reduced by the purchase of a strong pump 
with nozzle and hose, all costing from $15 to $20, and, combining it with 
a strong tank of 150 or more gallons’ capacity, to be mounted on a wagon 
or cart or mounting the pump on the end of a strong barrel. 
A prime essential in spraying, especially where the large reservoirs 
are employed, is to keep the liquid constantly agitated to prevent the 
settling cf the poison to the bottom of the tank. This may be accom. 
plished by constant stirring with a paddle, by shaking, but preferably 
by throwing a stream of the liquid back into the tank. Many of the 
larger pumps are now constructed with two discharge orifices with this 
end in view, and the use of such is recommended. 
In spraying the object is to coat every leaf and part of the plant as 
lightly as feasible with thoroughness, and to avoid waste in doing this 
a mist spray is essential. The application to any part should stop when 
water begins to drip from the leaves. A light rain will not remove the 
poison, but a dashing one will probably necessitate a renewal of the 
application. 
THK GAS TREATMENT. 
The hydroeyanie acid gas treatment of scale-infested trees has 
hitherto been exclusively confined to California, but recently has been 
introduced in the East by the Department to combat the San José scale. 
Briefly it consists in inclosing the tree with a tent and filling the lat- 
