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about the affected plants and either left to be carried down by the 
action of rains or washed down to greater depths by subsequent 
waterings. 
For the grape phylloxera or the root-louse of the peach or apple, 
make excavations 2 or 5 feet in diameter and 6 inches deep about the 
base of the plant, and pour in 5 gallons of the wash. If not a rainy 
season, a few hours later wash down with 5 gallons of water and repeat 
with a like amount the day following. It is better, however, to make 
this treatment in the spring when the more frequent rains will take the 
place of the waterings. 
For root maggots enough of the wash is put along at the base of 
the plant to wet the soil toa depth of 1 to 2 inches, preferably following 
after an hour with a like amount of water. 
For white grubs in strawberry beds or in lawns the surface should 
be wetted with kerosene emulsion to a depth of 2 or 3 inches, following 
with copious waterings to be repeated for two orthree days. The larve 
go to deeper and deeper levels and eventually die. 
Potash fertilizers.—For white grubs, wire-worms, cutworms, corn 
root-worms, and like insects, on the authority of Prof. J. B. Smith, 
either the kainit or muriate of potash, the former better, are broad. 
casted in fertilizing quantities, preferable before or during a rain so 
that the material is dissolved and carried into the soil at once. These 
not only act to destroy the larve in the soil but are deterrents, and 
truck lands constantly fertilized by these substances are noticeably 
free from attacks of insects. This, in a measure, results from the 
increased vigor and stronger resistant power of the plant, which latter 
of itself more than compensates for the cost of the treatment. The 
value of these fertilizers against the wire-worms is, however, questioned 
by Prof. J. H. Comstock. 
For the root-louse of peach and apple work the fertilizers into the 
general surface of the soil about the trees, or put it in a trench about 
the tree 2 feet distant from the trunk. 
For cabbage and onion maggots apply in little trenches along the 
roots at the rate of 300 to 500 pounds to the acre, and cover with soil. 
These fertilizers (and the nitrate of soda is nearly as good) are also 
destructive to the various insects which enter the soil for winter hiber- 
nation or to undergo transformation. 
Bisulphide of carbon.—This is the great French remedy for the 
phylloxera, 150,000 acres being now subjected to treatment with it, 
and applies equally well to all other root-inhabiting lice. The treat- 
ment is made at any season except the period of ripening of the fruit, 
and consists in making holes about the vines 1 foot to 16 inches 
deep and pouring into each about one-half ounce of bisuiphide and 
closing the hole with the foot. These injections are made about 14 
feet apart, and not closer to the vines than 1 foot. It is better to make 
a large number of small doses than a few large ones. Hand injectors 
