16 
DUSTING AND SPRAYING APPARATUS. 
For the application of powders the dusting bags already described are 
very satisfactory, or for garden work some of the small powder bellows 
and blowers are excellent. The best of these cost about $2 each and 
are on the market in many styles. 
Better apparatus is required for the wet applications where success- 
ful results require the breaking up of the liquid into a fine mist-hke 
spray. The essential features of such an apparatus are a force pump, 
several yards of one-half inch cloth-reinforced hose with bamboo hoist- 
ing rod, and a spray tip. The size of the apparatus will depend on the 
amount of vegetation to be treated. For limited garden work and for 
the treatment of low plants the knapsack pumps or the small bucket 
force-pumps are suitable, the former costing about $14 and the latter 
from $6 to $9. 
Ready fitted pumps, knapsack and others, for the application of insec- 
ticides, are now made by all the leading pump manufacturers of this 
country and also large reservoirs with pump attached for extended 
orchard operations, the price of the latter ranging from $25 to $75. 
The cost of aspraying outfit for orchard work may be greatly reduced 
by combining a suitable pump and fixtures with a home-constructed 
tank or barrel to be mounted on avart or wagon. A spray-tank having 
-acapacity of about 150 gallons is a very satisfactory size, and may be 
conveniently made 4 feet long, by 24 wide by 2 deep, inside measure- 
ments. It should be carefully constructed, so as to be water. tight, and 
should be strengthened by four iron bolts or rods across the ends, one 
each at the top and bottom. A good double-acting force-pump may be 
obtained from any of the leading pump manufacturers ata cost of from 
$10 to $20, depending upon whether of iron or brass, and the nature of 
its fittings. For use in a very large orchard or in city parks, it may be 
advisable to construct the tank of twice the capacity mentioned to 
expedite the spraying and to avoid the more frequent refillings neces- 
sary with the smaller tank. 
The more economical spray tips in the amount of liquid required are 
the different styles of cyclone nozzles, the best form of which is known 
to the market generally as the Vermorel nozzle. These are manufac- 
tured by the leading spray pump companies. Other good nozzles are 
also on the market. The common garden spraying and hose nozzles 
are much too coarse for satisfactory work, and are wasteful of the 
liquid. 
A prime essential in spraying, especially where the large reservoirs 
are employed, is to keep the liquid constantly agitated to prevent the 
settling of the poison to the bottom of the tank. This may be accom- 
plished by constant stirring with a paddle, by shaking, but preferably 
by throwing a stream of the liquid back into the tank. Many of the 
larger pumps are now constructed with two discharge orifices with this 
latter object in view, and the use of such is recommended. | 

