17 
For fruit trees of average size, or, if apple, such as would produce 
from 10 to 15 bushels of fruit, from 3 to 7 gallons of spray are neces- 
sary to thoroughly wet each tree. For smaller trees, such as plum 
and cherry, 1 gallon fo the tree will be sufficient. If an average of 
5 gallous to the tree be taken for an apple orchard of 1,000 trees 5,000 
gallons of spray would be required. About 33 pounds of paris green 
or london purple would be needed for one spraying, if used at the 
rate of 1 pound to 150 gallons of water, and for the two applications 
ordinarily recommended, 66 pounds. This, for the paris green, at 20 
cents a pound, would amount to $15.20, and the london purple, at 10 
cents a pound, to $6.60, or a little over 1 cent a tree for the former and 
one-half a cent for the latter. 
In spraying orchard trees, it will be found convenient in going 
between the rows to spray on either side, half of each tree in the row 
at a time and finish on the return, rather than attempt to spray all 
sides of one tree before taking up another. 
The object in spraying is to coat every leaf and part of the plant as 
lightly as feasible with thoroughness, and to avoid waste in doing this 
a mist spray is essential. The application to any part should stop 
when water begins to drip from theleaves. A light rain will not remove 
the poison, but a dashing one will probably necessitate a renewal of 
the application. 
REMEDIES FOR SUBTERRANEAN INSECTS. 
Almost entire dependence is placed on the caustic washes, or those 
that act externally, for insects living beneath the soil on the roots of 
plants, including both sucking and biting insects, prominent among 
which are the white grubs, maggots in roots of cabbage, radishes, 
onions, etc., cutworms, wireworms, apple and peach root-lice, the grape 
phylloxera, and many others. 
The insecticide must be one that will go into solution and be carried 
down by water. Of this sort are the kerosene emulsions and resin 
wash—the former preferable—the potash fertilizers, muriate and kainit, 
and bisulphide of carbon. Submersion, wherever the practice of irri- 
gation or the natural conditions make it feasible, has also proven of 
the greatest service against the phylloxera. 
Kerosene emulsion and resin wash,—Hither the kerosene and soap 
emulsion or the resin wash, the former diluted 15 times and the latter 
at the strength of the winter mixture, are used to saturate the soil 
about the affected plants and either left to be carried down by the 
action of rains or washed down to greater depths by subsequent 
waterings. 
For the grape phylloxera or the root-louse of the peach or apple, 
make excavations 2 or 3 feet in diameter and 6 inches deep about the 
base of the plant, and pour in 5 gallons of the wash, If not a rainy 
9930—No, 19. —2 
