8 
plants thoroughly, or the pole may be jarred by hand. The applica- 
tion is preferably made in early morning or late evening, when the dew 
is on, to cause the poison to adhere better to the foliage. 
From 1 to 2 pounds are required to the acre, and from 10 to 20 acres 
are covered in a day. The occurrence of heavy rains may necessitate 
a second application, but frequently one will suffice. This simple 
apparatus, on account of its effectiveness and cheapness, is employed 
throughout the cotton belt to the general exclusion of more complicated 
and expensive machinery. 
With the patented air-blast machines for the dry distribution of 
poisons, arsenicals are diluted with 10 parts of flour, lime, or ground 
gypsum, and from 60 to 75 acres may be covered in a day by using 
relays of men and teams. Greater uniformity is secured with these 
machines in distribution of the poisons, but their cost (from $30 to $60) 
prevents their general use. 
The planter should have a good supply of poison on hand and appa- 
ratus for its application prepared in advance, since when the worm 
puts in an appearance its progress is very rapid, and a delay of a 
singie day may result in material damage to the crop. 
If small garden patches are dusted with poison by this or similar 
means from bags or with hand bellows, it is advisable always to dilute 
the poison with 10 parts of flour, or preferably lime, and for application 
to vegetables which will ultimately be used for food, as the cabbage, 1 
ounce of the poison should be mixed with 6 pounds of flour or 10 of 
lime and dusted merely enough to show evenly over the surface. 
As poisoned bait.—It is not always advisable or effective to apply 
arsenicals directly to the plants, and this is particularly true in the 
sase of the attacks of the grasshopper and of the various cutworms 
and wireworms. In such cases the use of poisoned bait has proved 
very satisfactory. 
For locusts, take 1 part, by weight, of white arsenic, 1 of sugar, and 
6 of bran, to which add water to make a wet mash. Place a tablespoon- 
ful of this at the base of each tree or vine, or apply a line of baits just 
ahead of the advancing army of grasshoppers, placing a tablespoonful 
of the mash every 6 or 8 feet, and following up with another line 
behind the first. 
For baiting cutworms and wireworms, distribute poisoned green, 
succulent vegetation, such as freshly cut clover, in small bunches about 
in the infested fields. Dip the bait in a very strong arsenical solution, 
and protect from drying by covering with boards or stones. Renew 
the bait as often as it becomes dry, or every three to five days. The 
bran-arseni¢ bait will also answer for cutworms. 
TIME TO SPRAY FOR BITING INSECTS. 
For the codling moth, the apple and pear should receive the first 
application very soon after the blossoms fall, which is also the time for 
the second treatment of the scab fungus; the second spraying should be 
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