9 
given one or two weeks later, just before the fruit turns down on the 
stem or when it is from one-fourth to one-half inch in diameter. The 
first spraying reaches the eggs laid by the moth in the flower end of 
the fruit shortly after the falling of the blossoms, and the second, the 
later egg-laying by the more belated moths, when the first coating of 
poison will probably have been washed off by rains. The young larva, 
eating its way from without into the fruit, gets enough of the poison to 
destroy it. This treatment reaches at the same time a large number of 
leaf-feeding enemies of these fruit trees. 
For the curculio of the stone fruits—plum, cherry, peach, ete.—two 
or three applications should be made; the first before the trees bloom, 
or as soon as the foliage is well started, the second at the time of the 
exposure of the young fruit by the falling of the blossoms, and perhaps 
a third a week later, particularly if rains have intervened after the last 
treatment. The poison here acts to destroy the parent eurculio instead 
of the young larve, which, hatching from eggs placed beneath the skin 
of the fruit, are not affected by the poison on the outside. The adult 
curculio, however, as soon as it comes from its hibernation, feeds on the 
foliage before the trees bloom, and later on the young fruit also, and is 
destroyed by the arsenical before its eggs are deposited. 
For leaf-feeding insects in general, such as the Colorado potato-bee- 
tle, blister beetles, elm leaf-beetle, maple worm, ete., the application 
should be made at the earliest indication of injury and repeated as often 
wus necessary. 
Fruit trees should never be sprayed when in bloom, on account of 
the liability of poisoning honeybees or other insects useful as cross 
fertilizers. 
CARE IN USE OF ARSENICALS. 
It must be remembered that these arsenicals are very poisonous and 
should be so labeled. If ordinary precautions are taken there is no 
danger to man or team attending their application. The wetting of 
any, which can not always be avoided, is not at all dangerous, on 
account of the great dilution of the mixture, and no ill effects what- 
ever have resulted from this source. With some individuals the 
arsenite of lead, when in strong mixture, affects the eyes, but this is 
unusual and with a little care in spraying the mist need not strike the 
operator at all. 
The poison disappears from the plants almost completely within 
twenty to twenty-five days, and even if the plants were consumed 
Shortly after the application an impossible quantity would have to be 
eaten to get a poisonous dose. ‘To illustrate, in the case of the apple, 
if the entire fruit were eaten, core and all, it would take several bar- 
rels at a single sitting to make a poisonous dose (Riley), and with the 
cabbage, dusted as recommended above, 28 heads would have to be 
eaten at one meal to reach this result (Gillette). It is preferable, how- 
ever, to use other insecticides in the case of vegetables soon to be 
eaten, and thus avoid all appearance of danger. 
