13 
The kerosene and milk emulsion formula. 
ISGIOEGIE® Sadik CG OCOROBSECOE SBSH eee BeBe Seb Gee goa Hebd donee gallons.. 2 
WG USE OI) a Ee oS eee he eo LS 2 gallon.. 1 
Heating is unnecessary in making the milk emulsion, which other- 
wise is churned as in the former case. The change from a watery 
liquid to a thick buttery consistency, much thicker than with the soap, 
takes place very suddenly after three to five minutes’ agitation. With 
sweet milk difficulty will frequently be experienced, and if the emulsion 
does not result in five minutes, the addition of a little vinegar will 
induce prompt action. It is better to prepare the milk emulsion. from 
time to time for immediate use, unless it can be stored in quantity in 
air-tight jars, otherwise it will ferment and spoil after a week or two. 
How to use the emulsions.—During the growing period of summer, for 
most plant-lice and other soft-bodied insects, dilute the emulsion with 
from 15 to 20 parts of water; for the red spider and other plant mites 
the same, with the addition of 1 ounce of flowers of sulphur to the 
gallon; for scale insects, ‘the larger plant-bugs, larve, and beetles, 
dilute with from 7 to 9 parts water; apply with spray pump. 
For winter applications to the trunks and larger limbs of trees in 
the dormant and leafless condition, to destroy scale insects stronger 
mixtures may be used even to the pure emulsion, which latter can not 
be sprayed successfully, but may be applied with brush or sponge. 
Diluted with one or more parts of water it may be applied in spray 
without difficulty. The use of the pure emulsion is heroic treatment 
and only advisable in cases of excessive infestation, and in general it 
is much better and safer to defer the treatment until the young scales 
hatch in the spring, when the nine-times diluted wash may be used 
with more certain results and without danger to plants. The winter 
treatment should be followed by a use of the spring wash to destroy 
any young which may come from female scales escaping the stronger 
mixture. 
Caution.—In the use of kerosene washes, and, in fact, of all oily 
washes on plants, the application should be just sufficient to wet the 
plant, without allowing the liquid to run down the trunk and collect 
about the crown. Usually at this situation there is a cavity formed by 
the swaying of the plants in the wind, and accumulation of the insecti- 
cide at this point, unless precautions be taken, may result in the death 
or injury of the plant. It is advisable to mound up the trees before 
spraying and firmly pack the earth about the bases whenever it is 
necessary to drench them thoroughly; and care should be taken in 
refilling the tank that no free oil is allowed to accumulate gradually in 
the residue left at the bottom. 
THE RESIN WASH. 
This wash has proved of greatest value in California, particularly 
against the red scale (Aspidiotus aurantit) and the black scale (Lecaniwm 
