4 
Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, and 
Arkansas, a total of nearly $20,000,000. This is for corn alone, and does 
not take into consideration wheat and other grains or mill products. 
In regard to the susceptibility of different grains to “weevil” attack, 
it may be said that unhusked rice, oats, and buckwheat are practi- 
cally exempt, but the hull of barley offers less protection to the seed. 
Husked or hulled grains are naturally more exposed to infestation, 
and the softer varieties suffer far more injury than do the harder, flinty 
sorts. 
In times when grain was kept long in store, and long voyages were 
necessary in its transportation, losses through the depredations of 
insects were much heavier than at present, these pests being exceed- 
ingly prolific and increasing enormously under such conditions. Heat 
and dampness, the latter inducing a condition of the grain termed 
“cheating,” also favor the undue increase of insect life, and the insects, 
when present in large numbers, cause, in some unexplained manner, a 
very perceptible rise in temperature to the infested mass. It is unnec- 
essary to add that dampness and “heating” alone do not of themselves 
engender “weevil,” every individual insect owing its existence to an 
egg deposited in the grain by the parent insect. 
THE GRAIN WEEVILS. 
All the various species of insects that attack stored grain are indis- 
criminately called weevils, or simply “ weevil,” but the only true grain 
weevils are the granary weevil and rice weevil. 
These two insects resemble each other in structure as well as in 
habit, They are small, flattened, brown snout-beetles of the family 
Calandride. Neither is more than a sixth of an inch in length, but 
their rate of development is so rapid that they do an almost incalculable 
amount of injury in a short period of time. Their heads are prolonged 
into a long snout or proboscis, at the end of which are the mandibles; 
their antenne are elbowed and are attached to the proboscis. 
THE GRANARY WEEVIL (Calandra granaria Linn.). 
The granary weevil has been known as an enemy to stored grain 
since the earliest times. Having become domesticated ages ago, it has 
long since lost the use of its wings and is strictly an indoor species. 
The mature weevil measures from an eighth to a sixth of an inch, is 
uniform shining chestnut brown in color, and has the thorax sparsely 
and longitudinally punctured, as indicated, much enlarged, at fig. 1, a. 
The larva is legless, considerably shorter than the adult, white in 
color, very robust, fleshy, and of the form shown in the illustration (0). 
The pupa, illustrated at c, is also white, clear, and transparent, exhib- 
iting the general characters of the future beetle. 
The female punctures the grain with her snout and then inserts an 
egg, from which is hatched a larva that devours the mealy interior and 
