
5 
undergoes its transformations within the hull. In wheat and other 
small cereals a single larva inhabits a grain, but a kernel of maize fur- 
nishes food for several individuals. 
The time required for the completion of the life cycle varies with the 
season and climate, and the number of generations annually produced 
is consequently dependent upon temperature. The midsummer period 
from egg to adult is about six weeks, and there may be, under favor- 
ing conditions, four or five 
broods in this latitude and 
six or even more in the South. 
This species is injurious in 
wheat, maize, barley, and 
other grains and attacks also 
the chick-pea (Cicer arieti- 
num), a food product of the 
Tropics. Unlike the moths 
which attack grain, the adult 
weevils feed also upon the 
kernels, gnawing into them 
for food and for shelter, and, 
being quite long-lived, prob- 
ably do even more damage 
than their larve. This spe- 
cies is very prolific, egg-lay- 
ing continuing Over al CX- Fia. 1.—Calandragranaria: a, beetle; b, larva; ¢, pupa; d, 
tended period. It has been 0. oryza, beetle—all enlarged (author's illustration). 
estimated that one pair will, in the course of a year, produce 6,000 
descendants, and it will be seen that the progeny of a single pair are 
capable in a short time of causing considerable damage. 

THE RICE WEEVIL (Calandra oryza Linn.). 
A. very similar insect to the preceding is the rice weevil, which derives 
both its popular and Latin name from rice (oryza), in which it was origi- 
nally discovered. It is conceded to have originated in India, whence it 
has been diffused by commerce until it is now established in most of the 
grain-growing countries of the world. It is a serious pest in the South- 
ern States, where it is commonly, though erroneously, called “black 
weevil,” but farther north is of less importance. It occurs, however, 
in every State and Territory in the Union, and occasionally invades 
Canada and Alaska. 
This species resembles the granary weevil in size and general appear- 
ance, but differs in being dull brown in color, in having the thorax 
densely pitted with round punctures, and the elytra, or wing cases, 
ornamented with four more or less distinct red spots, arranged as in 
the illustration (fig. 1, d). Unlike the preceding species it has well- 
developed and serviceable wings. The larve and pupe are also similar 
