12 
State and Territory. The divisional experience of a single year, 1894, 
shows that more complaints are made of injuries by this than of any 
other granivorous insect. As a mill pest it was the most troublesome 
species of 1895, and 
annually costs the 
millers of the United 
States thousands of 
dollars by its pres- 
enceim manufactured 
products. 
The mature beetle 
is scarcely a sixth of 
an inch long, elon- 
gate, and flattened, 
brown in color, and 
of the form indicated 
in the illustration 
Fia. 9.—Triboliwm confusum: a, beetle; b, larva; ¢, pupa—all enlarged ; 3 
d, lateral lobe of abdomen of pupa; e, head of beetle, showing an- (tig. 9, a). The head, 
tenna; jf, same of 7. ferrugineum—all greatly enlarged (author's with antenna, 1s 
Seon); shown, much enlarg- 
ed, at e,and the general characters of the larva are illustrated at b, the 
pupa at c¢ and d. 
Among the many substances attacked by this insect may be men- 
tioned, besides grain and its manufactured products, snuff, orris root, 
baking powder, rice chaff, red pepper, ginger, slippery elm, peas, beans, 
nuts, and seeds of various kinds, in all of which it has been found by 
the writer. Itsometimes also 
invades cabinets of dried 
insects. 
From experiment it has 
been learned thatthis species, 
in an exceptionally high tem- 
perature, is capable of under- 
going itsentireround of trans- 
formations in thirty-six days, 
but in spring and autumn 
weather it requires a much 
longer time. In well-heated 
buildings at this rate there 
are at least four broodsayear. 
OTHER FLOUR BEETLES.— 
Other species of flour beetles are injurious in the same manner, but as 
yet are much less widely distributed in this country. Prominent among 
these in the Southern States are the following: 


Fie. 10.— Echocerus mazillosus: a, 
larva; b, pupa; c, adult male—all 
enlarged (author's illustration). 

THE RUST-RED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium ferrugineum Fab.). 
This resembles the preceding species in color, form, and size, but 
may be distinguished by the form of the head, which is not expanded 
