cf 
eral laws against the killing of insectivorous birds. Two of the most 
important of the parasitic insects are shown in the accompanying 
figures. The little egg parasite, Trichogramma pretiosa, a species 
which is so minute that several specimens live within a single egg of 
the cotton moth, is one of the more important. Mr. Hubbard has 
recorded the fact that in Florida this one parasite almost entirely 
annihilated the fifth brood. At the beginning of the fourth brood 
about half of the eggs were destroyed by this insect. Of the eggs laid 
by the fourth-brood moths, from 75 per cent to 90 per cent were para- 
sitized, while of the eggs of the fifth brood the proportion destroyed 
by the parasite exceeded 90 per cent, and out of the sixth brood careful 
estimates show that but 3 or 4 eggs out of 100 escaped. The external 
parasite of the caterpillar, Huplectrus comstockii (fig. 4), is also another 
abundant parasite, while the other insects figured take almost as 
important parts in limiting the increase of the worm. As far back 
as 1847 Dr. D. B. Gorham found that nearly all of the chrysalids of the 
last brood of worms were destroyed by Pimpla conquisitor (fig.5). From 
this fact he argued that the fields must be restocked by moths fiying up 
from the south, and perhaps from the West 
Indies. Itis a very curious fact that some 
twenty-five years later Mr. A. R. Grote, study- 
ing the cotton worm in Georgia, was unable 
to find any parasites whatever, and from this 
fact argued that the insect was not a normal 
member of the Georgia fauna, but flew in es 
I@. 4.—Skin of cotton caterpillar 
every year, probably from the West Indies. attached to the under side of cot- 
ton leaf by silk spun about the 
REMEDIES. pups of Huplectrus comstockii — 
In the Fourth Report of the United States i AN ai a eb, 
Entomological Commission nearly 200 pages 
were given to the consideration of remedies and preventive measures. 
All the false ideas which had gained currency among planters were 
explained away, an extensive consideration of remedies against the 
insect in all stages was given, and the subject of machinery for the 
distribution of wet and dry poisons was most elaborately treated. 
The chapters on remedies in this report have resulted in great benefit 
to the agricultural community as a whole. The system of eddy- 
chamber or cyclone nozzles was here first treated, and modifica- 
tions of these nozzles are now in active use in all parts of the world 
for the application of insecticides and fungicides to very many crops. 
Several elaborate machines for the distribution of wet poisons were 
invented in the course of the investigation, and all devices which had 
been patented received consideration. Although, as just stated, this 
work has been of great value to agriculture and horticulture at large, 
its results from the standpoint of the cotton grower have, for various 
reasons, amounted practically to nothing down to the present time. 
In 1883 Dr. W.S. Barnard, who had been in charge of the insecticide 

