18 
is a little prominence, shaped like a half moon, which is usually quite 
plainly yellow in color. The queens are small bodied, yellow in color, 
with more or less black at the tip of the abdomen. The drones have 
a heavy coat of fuzz on the thorax, and the abdomen presents a mot- 
tled yellow appearance, being often highly yellow. Cyprians pos- 
sess longer tongues and greater wing-power than other races. This, 
combined with great prolificness and most remarkable activity, renders 
them the best of honey gatherers. In temper, however, they may be 
regarded as rather aggressive, rendering their management by any 
who are not experts extremely difficult. This feature may, however, 
be largely overcome by crossing the queens of this race with the drones 
of very gentle types. In this manner bees are produced that are 
readily amenable to smoke and ordinary methods in manipulation, com- 
bined with the excellent honey-gathering powers and prolificness of 
the eastern races. 
Cyprio-Carniolans and Cyprio-Caucasians.—The author conceived the 
idea in the early eighties that by crossing the Cyprian and Carniolan 
races a type might be developed which would combine the excellent 
traits of both of these. The first matings of Cyprians and Carniolans 
were made by him in 1883 in Carniola itself, thus insuring positively 
the fecundation of the Cyprian queens by Carniolan drones. Bees 
combining the blood of the two races in various proportions have 
since been tested for years in comparison with all other known races, 
with the result that the cross mentioned above has been found to 
exceed all of the pure races in honey-gathering powers, owing undoubt- 
edly to the combination of great energy, hardiness, prolificness, and 
wing-power, as well as greater length of tongue—a fact established by 
actual measurements. Similar results, with even greater gentleness, 
may be expected from the cross obtained between Cyprian queens and 
Caucasian drones. 
Syrian and Palestine or ‘‘Holy-Land” bees.—What has been said of 
Cyprians may be taken to apply in a general sense to Syrian and Pal- 
estine bees, except that in these the good qualities are slightly less 
prominent, while some of the bad ones of the Cyprians are accent- 
uated. No separate description of these is, therefore, particularly 
necessary in this place. 
German, Common Black, or Brown bees.—The bees commonly found 
wild, and cultivated to a greater or less extent, in this country, and 
known under the above name, are probably derived from early intro- 
ductions from the Old World. In comparison with the races above 
enumerated, they may be said to be inferior, since they possess the 
least energy in honey collecting, are less prolific, and not as good 
defenders of their hives. Under favorable conditions, however, as 
regards pasturage they may be relied upon for excellent results. They 
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