12 
will not breed, so far as is known, nor in vigorous live growth, but 
seems to need the dying and partially drying conditions mentioned. 
The insect has but one brood yearly. The beetles mature for the 
most part in fall, and generally remain in their larval burrows until 
the following spring. A few may leave the burrows in the fall and 
construct others in the twigs of apple or other plants in which to 
hibernate. In the spring, however, they begin their destructive work 
early, burrowing into the axils of the grape and occasionally also into 
other plants. This is undoubtedly partly for food, but seems largely 

Fia.6.—Amphicerus bicaudatus. a, beetle, dorsal and lateral view; b,pupa from beneath; c, 
larva from side, with enlargements of the thoracic feet; d, burrow in apple twig made by 
adult; e, larval gallery in tamarisk, with pupa in cell at end; f, injury to young shoot and 
cane, showing the entrance to burrow of beetle near fand the characteristic wilting of the 
new growth—all much enlarged except d, e, and f (original). 
malicious, for it certainly has nothing to do with egg laying, although 
it may have some connection with the marital relation. The eggs are 
laid chiefly in May, or as early as March or April in its southern range, 
and the larve develop during summer, transforming to pupze and 
beetles in the fall. 
On the Pacific Coast a closely allied but somewhat larger species 
(Amphicerus punctipennis Lee.) breeds in grape canes and other 
plants, and probably has similar burrowing habits in the adult stage. 
Remedies.—It will be apparent at once that to limit the work of this 
insect it will be necessary to promptly destroy all wood in which it 
will breed. This means the careful removal and burning of all dis- 
