16 
land especially should be broken up and cultivated to annual crops, 
and the more general the cultivation of all lands the fewer will be the 
rose-chafers. In this procedure notable results may only be secured 
by the cooperation of a neighborhood. 
THE GRAPE LEAF-FOLDER. 
(Desmia maculalis W estw.) 
One of the noticeable features of a vineyard, particularly in mid- 
summer and later, is the many folded leaves the interiors of which 
have been skeletonized. This is especially evident with thick-leafed 
varieties, the whitish under surface contrasting strongly with the dark 
green of the upper. If the leaf be unfolded, it will be found to con- 
tain a very active, wriggling, greenish larva, a little less than an inch 
long, which is apt to spring out of the fold and fall, or hang by a 
thread. The leaf itself will 
be found to be attached to 
the folded part by means of 
numerous little cords of silk. 
If the larva is full grown, the 
interior of the leaf will be 
thoroughly skeletonized, and 
soiled with accumulated ex- 
erements. The fold almost 
invariably brings the upper 
sides of the leaf together, the 
larva feeding, therefore, on 
what would be the upper sur- 
| face of the leaf. The larva 
Fie. 9.—Desmia maculalis. a, male moth; b, female; transforms to a reddish-brown 
clave; dy headland thonicic sorment of same chrysalis usually within 8 
leaf folded by larva (original). much smaller fold of the edge 
of the leaf, but sometimes 
within the larger larval fold. The moth, which, during midsummer, 
issues in a few days, expands about an inch and is a shining opales- 
cent black, with wings bordered with white and marked with white 
spots, as in the illustration (fig. 9), a slight variation in maculation 
being noted between the males and females. The moth is seldom 
seen, but if the vines be shaken it may be frightened up and observed 
in quick flight seeking other concealment. There are two, or, in the 
South, three, broods each summer, the last brood hibernating in the 
leaves very much as does the grape-berry moth, the pupal cases of 
which are very similar to those of the leaf-folder. It occurs from New 
England southward to Florida, and westward at least to the Rocky 
Mountains, and probably is distributed throughout the vine districts 
of the United States. It affects all kinds of grapes, showing, perhaps, 
a little preference for the thick-leafed over the thin-leafed varieties. 

