18 
HAWK MOTHS AND CUTWORMS. 
The larvee of upward of 50 moths feed on the foliage of the grape. 
Many of these are rare, yet many others are oecasionally destructive. 
Aside from the leaf-folder already discussed, perhaps the leaf-feeding 
caterpillars oftenest the cause of important damage are the large green 
or brownish, usually horned, sphingid larvee and certain cutworms. 
Hawk moths.—The larvee of some ten species of hawk moths or 
sphingids occur on the grape, and nearly all are widely distributed. 
The one most frequently met with is the Achemon sphinx (Philampe- 
lus achemon Drury) herewith figured (fig. 10) to illustrate the charac- 
teristies of the group. The sphinx larve strip a branch at a time 
completely, and are, therefore, easily noted. They are not often very 
abundant and the injury is not usually great, except in the case of 
young vines, which may be entirely stripped and killed by a single 
larva. Hand picking is ordinarily the simplest and most satisfactory 
remedy. 
Cutworms.—The climbing cutworms have at times proved very 
destructive to the buds and foliage of vines, and in northern New 
York, and particularly in the raisin district of Fresno County, Cal., as 
much damage has been done by them as by any other insect enemy. 
Of the several species which in different localities have been trouble- 
some, the worst record may be assigned to the dark-sided cutworm 
(Agrotis messoria Harr.) and the variegated cutworm (A. saucia Hbn.), 
both occurring throughout the United States, and the ones chiefly con- 
cerned in the region noted in California. Cutworms remain concealed 
in the ground during the day and climb up and strip the vines at night. 
They may be easily destroyed by the use of a poisoned bait of bran, 
arsenic (or paris green), and water, preferably sweetened with a little 
sugar. It should be distributed about the base of each vine in the 
form of a mash, a handful or so in a place. 
THE GRAPE LEAF-HOPPER. 
(Typhlocyba vitifex Fitch.) 
From midsummer to autumn, in increasing amount, the leaves of 
grapes are affected by a little jumping insect commonly known as 
the thrips, or leaf-hopper, which works in enormous numbers on the 
underside of leaves, causing them to appear blotched and scorched 
or covered with little yellowish or brownish patches, and eventually 
dry up, eurl, and fall. This insect oceurs with great regularity 
wherever the vine is cultivated, and yet so gradually is the damage 
done that, notwithstanding the great annual loss that must result to 
grape growers from this insect, no particular effort is ordinarily made 
to remedy the evil. 
The depredator is a very minute insect, not exceeding one-eighth of 
an inch in length, and has a peculiar habit of running sidewise when 
