
a 
disturbed, like a crab, and dodging from one side of the leaf to the 
other. It jumps vigorously, like a flea, but also takes fiight, rising in 
swarms when the vines are shaken. If examined without being too 
much disturbed, they will be noticed thickly clustered over the under- 
surface of the leaves, busily engaged in sucking the juices of the plant. 
Under a lens they will be found to vary considerably in color, and, 
in fact, they are supposed to represent a large number of distinct spe- 
cies, all closely allied, however, and possessing identical habits. The 
prevailing color is light yellowish green, with the back and wings 
variously ornamented with red, yellow, and brown. In the fall they 
become much darker, though retaining the wing patterns. In any 
vineyard usually one-half dozen or more color species will occur to- 
gether, one or two of which will predominate, while only a few miles 
distant some other forms will be the common ones. The insect figured 

Fia. 11.—Typhlocyba spp. a, T. comes Say, female; b, T. comes Say, male; c, typical form of 
T. vitifex ; d, larva; e, pupa; f, appearance of injured leaf; g, cast pupal skins (original). 
(fig. 11) represents the most abundant species on the grounds of the 
Department of Agriculture in the summer of 1895, together with 
Fitch’s original type at the right. 
They begin to appear on the vines in June, and gradually increase 
in numbers through July, August, and September, remaining on the 
vines until the leaves fall, and afterwards may be frightened up in 
swarms from masses of leaves about the vines. The winter is passed 
wherever protection may be secured from storms, particularly in 
masses of accumulated leaves, and especially where these have been 
blown up against logs or fences. In such situations the writer has 
observed them by thousands on warm days in early winter. All vari- 
eties of grapes are attacked, the thin-leafed sorts most injuriously, 
but vast injury is done to all, including the wild grapes, and at least 
one other wild plant—the redbud or Cercis canadensis. 
