20 - 
Life history.—The eggs are thrust by the female singly into the 
substance of the leaf on the. lower side, either into the midribs and 
large veins or in the intervening spaces. The young are much like 
the adults, except that they are smaller and wingless. They east 
their skins three times before becoming full grown and acquiring 
wings, and the white cast skins remain attached to the undersurface 
of the leaves, frequently upward of 100 clinging to a single leaf. In 
the middle and southern portions of their range they undoubtedly 
pass through 4 or 5 broods annually, the life of a single generation 
probably covering about a month. 
Remedies.—The prevention of injury by the leaf-hopper is a very 
difficult problem. The best chances of relief will come from taking 
advantage of its hibernating habit and collecting and burning all fallen 
leaves and any similar material about the vineyards which would 
furnish it with winter quarters. This will be effective in proportion 
to the thoroughness with which it is carried out, and the treatment 
must be extended over a considerable area to give much relief. In 
this connection it must be remembered that the leaf-hoppers coming 
from wild grapes or from near-by vineyards are particularly apt to 
hibernate in woods, returning to the vineyards again the following 
spring. 
Direct measures against this insect consist in spraying with kero- 
sene emulsion or the use of tarred or kerosene shields. The great 
activity of the insect makes spraying under ordinary circumstances 
with caustic washes somewhat ineffective, but if the application be 
made in the early morning or late evening, especially if a cold or 
moist day be chosen, when the insects are somewhat torpid, consider- 
able benefit will result. The emulsion should be diluted with nine 
parts water. Applied under the circumstances described, a great 
many of the leaf-hoppers will be wet with the emulsion or will fly 
back to the leaves and get it on their bodies before it will have evap- 
orated. The shield method should be used in the warm part of the 
day, when the insects are most active. A frame with cloth stretched 
over it and saturated with kerosene or diluted tar may be carried 
along between the vine rows, the vines being agitated at the same 
time. The insects will fly up, and all of those striking against the 
screen will either adhere to the tar or get wet with the kerosene 
and perish. The shield method, to be effective, must be continued 
every day or two until relief is gained. 
THE GRAPE-BERRY MOTH. 
(Eudemis botrana Schiff. ) 
As the grape berries become full grown and begin to ripen, often 
many of them will be observed to be discolored, and if these be exam- 
ined a burrow will be found eaten through the pulp from the discol- 
ored spot, and within it a whitish larva. These injured berries begin 
