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show also that this insect is a rather general feeder, and it has been 
bred from seed bunches of sumac and the leaves of tulip and mag- 
nolia. It sometimes enters the leaf galls of the phylloxera and eats 
not only the interior of the galls, but, as observed by Mr. Pergande, 
the young and mother louse also. It has proved particularly destrue- 
tive at times in Ohio, Missouri, and Pennsylvania, and in many cases 
from 50 to 75 per cent of the crop has been ruined by it. It is proba- 
bly three-brooded, except in its more northern range, the first brood 
developing on the leaves in May and June, the second brood on green 
grapes in July, and the third brood on ripening grapes in August and 
September. The early brood of this insect is so scanty that it is 
rarely noticed, and hence protective steps are seldom taken. Later 
in the season it multiplies with great rapidity, and particularly does 
it become numerous and destructive if grape gathering be deferred 
until a late period. 
Remedies.—The use of poisons is not practicable except against 
the first brood, which develops on the green parts of the vine, and 
here the result is doubtful, because it is more than likely to breed on 
a great variety of foliage, and spraying would not afford much pro- 
tection. Bagging the grapes as soon as the fruit sets will undoubt- 
edly protect them from this insect, and at the same time from black 
rot. Of greater practical value, especially in larger vineyards, is the 
prompt collection and burning of all fallen leaves in autumn, thus 
destroying the hibernating larvee and pupze, and also the collection 
and destruction of diseased fruit wherever feasible. Early gathering 
and shipping or disposal of fruit otherwise is a particularly valuable 
step, as if insures the removal of the larve in the grapes from the 
vineyard if not their destruction in wine making. All fallen fruit 
should also be gathered and destroyed. 
