rarely in the ripening fruit. In connection with these descriptions of 
damage are also accounts of what was then believed to be the same 
insect affecting the strawberry, one brood wintering in the half-grown 
larval stage in the crown of the plant, and a second brood working 
during early summer in the young shoots and runners, 
The confusion of these two distinct species, attacking widely dissimi- 
lar plants, continued until 1897, and still obtains to a great extent. 
There necessarily resulted a thorough misapprehension of the habits of 
the twig-borer and the suggestion of needless precautionary measures, 
such as the abandonment of the culture of the strawberry, at least in 
proximity to peach orchards. 
In 1893 some very interesting observations were made by Mr. Ehrhorn, 
in Santa Clara County, Cal., and reported by Mr. Craw, demonstrating 
that the twig-borer winters, in the larval stage, not in the crown of the 
strawberry plant, as had been previously thought, but in peculiar cham- 
bers situated for the most part in the crotches of the branches of the 
trees attacked, the larve leaving these chambers in the spring to do 
the notable damage characteristic of the species. 
While passing through California in the fall of 1896, the writer exain- 
ined, in company with Mr. Ehrhorn, the curious hibernating chambers 
made by the newly-hatched larvie, and the habits of this insect, as far 
as then known to Mr. Ehrhorn, and substantially as had been already 
recorded by Mr. Craw, were explained to him. The discovery of this 
peculiar hibernating habit of Anarsia lineatella is very interesting in 
itself, and is also a long step toward the completion of our knowledge 
of the life history of the insect, and is especially valuable as suggesting 
better means than any heretofore known of preventing damage from it. 
Arrangements were made with Mr. Ehrhorn at the time to supply 
the Department with ample material of the young larve in their hiber- 
nating cells; and, throughout the winter, spring, and early summer of 
1896-97, material was repeatedly sent for study to Washington, D.C. 
Some of the twigs containing the young hibernating larve were. 
during the winter fastened to peach trees growing in the entomological 
nursery attached to the insectary. Most of the larve in these twigs 
had been killed by a predaceous mite, and some few, perhaps, died as a 
consequence of the drying up of the twigs, but a considerable number 
of them wintered safely and ultimately entered the new shoots in the 
early spring and completed their development. With this material we 
were enabled to study their babits out of doors under natural condi- 
tions, following the species carefully through two generations and into 
the commencement of a third, as will be detailed below. By the end of 
August our working stock died out and we were unable to secure fresh 
supplies. The studies made in Washington were supplemented and 
confirmed by the field observation of Mr. Ehrhorn covering the same 
period and continuing until the hibernating cells reappeared in the 
crotches in August and September. 
a 
young shoots—the usual and destructive habit—and later and more 
