12 
The substance to be used in these spraying operations may be Paris 
green, London purple, or arsenate of lead. The directions for the use 
of these substances have been so often repeated, that it is not worth 
while to mention them here. 
The other remedy—the destruction of the descending larvee and the 
quiescent pupie—is, as above stated, and must always be, incomplete. 
The standard kerosene emulsion, diluted one part to five parts of 
water, will destroy the insects in either of these stages. This has been 
successfully used in several New England towns the past season, par- 
ticularly in New Haven. It must be applied to the base of the trunk 
and under the entire limb spread of the tree. The rough bark must 
be removed to a slight extent (the writer does not advocate severe 
scraping), leaving as few crevices as possible which may harbor the 
pupating insects. If a tree is very large, it will pay occasionally to 
climb into the main crotch and destroy such individuals as may have 
collected at that point. Experience leads us to the estimate that on 
large trees not more than one-half to two-thirds of the larve reach the 
base of the trunk and transform at that point. The extent to which 
larvee drop from overhanging branches has been questioned, and it is 
sometimes a difficult matter to decide. The city forester of Spring- 
field, Mass., however, called our attention to a peculiar and eminently 
satisfactory case where the drooping branches of a large elm extended 
completely over a house on the other side of which there were no elm 
trees. On the far side of the house, beneath the tips of the overhang- 
ing branches, the larvee and pup: were collected in large numbers in 
the summer of 1895. 
THE WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH. 
(Orgyia leucostigma Smith and Abbot.) 
Original home and present distribution.—This insect is a native of 
North America. It ranges from Jacksonville, Fla., to Nova Scotia, 
on the eastern coast, and extends west certainly as far as Keokuk, 
Iowa, and probably farther, although the records at command include 
no actual captures beyond this point.'! It does not occur in California, 
so far as learned. } 
Food plants.—it attacks almost every variety of shade, fruit, and 
ornamental trees, with the exception of the conifers. In the city of 
Washington it seems to select by preference the poplars, soft maples, 
the elms, alders, and birches, as well as the willows. It is also found 
here on apple, pear, cherry, plum, peach, other varieties of maple, 
locust, box elder, ash, catalpa, rose, horse-chestnut, persimmon, syca- 
more, mulberry, and a number of other trees. 
Life history and habits.—This insect passes the winter in the egg 
state. The overwintering eggs are laid by the female moth in the latter 
‘Prot. L. Bruner has since reported this species from Omaha and Lincoln, Nebr. 
