‘ 10 
following season. The writer was particularly struck with this point 
the first week in November in southern Virginia The tobacco crop 
had been entirely harvested, but no killing frosts had occurred. The 
days were warm and sunny and the nights cold. On the remaining 
portions of the tobacco plants in the fields were many flea-beetles, 
bud worms, and cutworms, which, a week or so later, would have 
entered hibernating quarters. Just at this time, with a slight expend- 
iture of energy, the useless remnants of the tobacco plants could have 
been poisoned, and practically all of these insects destroyed, much to 
the advantage of next year’s crop. 
THE TOBACCO HORN WORMS, OR HORNBLOWERS. 
(Protoparce carolina Linn. and Protoparce celeus Hiibn.) 
There are two species of large sphinx moths whose larve, or cater- 
pillars, eat the leaves of tobacco, tomato, and allied plants, includ- 
ing, occasionally, the Irish potato. These caterpillars, from the fact 
that each bears upon one 
of the posterior segments 
of its body a rather stout, 
curved horn, have become 
Fia. 6.—Southern tobacco worm dead and shriveled from popularly known as horn 
bacterial disease—natural size (original). worms. This term ‘‘ horn 
worm ” has, in some incom- 
prehensible way, been corrupted into ‘‘hornblower” in Maryland and 
Virginia, where it is applied to the adult moth. ; 
Tobacco growers do not distinguish between the two different kinds 
of horn worms, and for practical purposes it is not in the least neces- 
sary that they should distinguish them. As a matter of general inter- 
est, however, it may be stated that the horn on the end of the body 
of carolina is red, while that of celews is black. Both are green in 
color, with oblique white stripes on the sides of the body. These 
white stripes extend farther up on the back with the caterpillar of 
carolina than they do with the caterpillar of celeus. The curious 
brown pupa into which the caterpillar transforms, which is found 
under the surface of the ground, and which is at once recognized by 
the handle-shaped process which issues from the top of the head, is 
distinguished in the two species by the fact that the handle-shaped 
process, which is really the tongue case, is much longer with the pupa 
of celeus than it is with the pupa of carolina.' From these pupe, or 
chrysalids, issue the adult moths. The moths of the two species may 
be distinguished from the fact that carolina is darker, and the orange 
spots along the sides of the body are more vivid, while the center of 
the hind wings of celews bears two distinet, zigzag lines, which in 
carolina become blurred, darkened, and indistinct. All of these 
points are plainly brought out in figs. 4 and 5. 


The figures of both Harris and Glover are misleading on this point. 

