28 
later. Mr. Chittenden has found that in a warm room the entire life 
round may be undergone in forty-seven days. These insects were 
reared in a dry yeast cake, however, and not in tobacco. 
It is only within comparatively recent years that the cigarette beetle 
has become at all serious to tobacco manufacturers in this country, 
but it has been 
increasing and 
spreading of 
late, and at the 
present time it 
is found not 
only in many 
factories, but 
also in ware- 
Fig. 24.—The ci : 720} Vie ; d, si i h 
e cigarette beetle: a, larva; b, pupa ¢ adult; d, side view of houses, tobaeeco 
adult; e, antenna—all greatly enlarged, e still more enlarged (re- 
engraved from Chittenden’s illustration). barns, and re- 
tail establish- 
ments. The writer knows of one little shop into which it was acci- 
dentally introduced in some plug tobacco. It increased, entered the 
show cases, and ruined a large number of high-priced cigars and cigar- 
ettes. The shopkeeper was in despair, but finally, at the advice of 
the writer, submitted his entire stock to fumigation with bisulphide 
of carbon, and thus completely rid his establishment of the beetle. 

REMEDIES. 
With a small establishment like the one just mentioned, it is a com- 
paratively simple matter to destroy the insect by means of the fumes | 
of bisulphide of carbon. The place was clean and well-swept and — 
dusted, and all that was necessary was to have a tight case (a show 
case was used) and the entire stock of tobaccos, cigarettes, and cigars — 
was placed in the case in installments, and a saucerful of bisulphide 
of carbon was evaporated over night. In the morning the contents of 
the ease were removed, the store was aired, and the next night another 
lot was fumigated. For some time after this experience the shop- 
keeper in question used the same case as a quarantine box, and put 
all of the tobacco which he bought through the fumigating process be- 
fore he placed iton hisshelves. Gradually, however, his vigilance was 
relaxed, and he has since had no experience with the cigarette beetle. 
In a large factory, however, the case is, of course, very complicated. 
The average factory is not a clean place. It is frequently an old 
building, roughly built, with innumerable cracks in the floors and 
walls, which, in the course of years, have become filled with tobacco 
dust and fragments. Even the crevices about the windows are filled 
with comminuted tobacco. Frequently large stocks of tobacco are 
kept on hand a long time. When the cigarette beetle has once 
obtained a foothold in such an establishment, it is a matter of consid- 
erable time, expense, and energy to get rid of it, and at the same time 
it is as much as the reputation of such a factory is worth to allow 
goods to go out containing any specimens of the insect in any form. 

