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attracted by the cracks in the tobacco hogsheads, and not deterred 
by the pungent character of the contents of the hogsheads, they 
bored their way in, searching for a secure place to transform. 
FOREIGN TOBACCO INSECTS WHICH HAVE NOT YET REACHED 
THE UNITED STATES. 
In a previous paragraph we have mentioned incidentally the little 
seale-like insect known as Aleyrodes tabaci as one which has probably 
not made its appearance in American tobacco fields. Professor Tar- 
gioni-Tozzetti, the Italian writer, to whose work reference is made in 
the first page of this paper, has listed 144 species of insects found in 
tobacco fields of Europe and adjoining countries, the great majority 
of which, however, are not important enemies of this crop and most 
of which are never likely to be brought to this country. There arein 
south Europe several distinctive cutworms which injure the crop in 
the same way as do allied forms in the United States; several grass- 
hoppers, which feed upon the leaves of the plant, and several cater- 
pillars which do occasionally more or less damage in the same way as 
do the leaf-feeding caterpillars which we have incidentally men- 
tioned. In south Russia (Bessarabia) there is a tenebrionid beetle 
(Opatrum intermedium) which injures tobacco by attacking the stems 
underground. There are several plant bugs, several species of plant 
lice, wireworms, and other forms of greater or less importance which 
are recorded by the writer, but, on the whole, probably none of them 
are worthy of extended mention in this bulletin. 
CONCLUSIONS. 
REMEDIES IN GENERAL. 
Upon looking over the whole ground, it seems to the writer that the 
tobacco crop is not a difficult one to protect from insects. It has not 
so many insect enemies as many other important crops, and the 
method of cropping is itself unfavorable to the increase of insects and 
favorable to their ready treatment. This is especially true of all 
portions of the country north of Florida. 
In the seed beds there is in general no great danger of insect dam- 
age, but if insects should obtain a foothold most of them can be 
readily and safely treated by means of the arsenical spray. 
After the plowing of a field into which plants are to be set attention 
should be paid to ridding the soil of cutworms. This can be done 
safely and easily by means of the poison-trap crop or the bran-arsenic 
mash mentioned in detail under the head ‘‘ Cutworms.” Where either 
of these remedies is used it is really a matter of indifference from the 
insect standpoint whether the land has been left fallow or whether 
clover or small grain has been grown. The planter can really follow 
just which course he thinks is best for his land without reference to 
cutworms, whereas without this treatment, as previously stated, fallow 
land or land planted to clover is apt to be full of worms, and the 
tobacco crop will have to be in part replanted. 
