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resembles very strong, black coffee. Dilute to one-third the final bulk 
with hot water, or with cold water added slowly over the fire, making 
a stock mixture, to be diluted to the full amount as used. When 
sprayed the mixture should be perfectly fluid, without sediment, and 
should any appear in the stock mixture reheating should be resorted 
to, and in fact the wash is preferably applied hot. 
As‘a winter wash for scale insects, and particularly for the more 
resistant San Jose scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus), stronger washes are 
necessary. In southern California, for this latter insect, the equivalent 
of a dilution one-third less, or 663 gallons instead of 100, has given 
very good satisfaction. In Maryland, with this insect, it has proved 
necessary to use the wash at six times the summer strength to destroy 
all of the well-protected hibernating scales; and with other scale 
insects much stronger mixtures than those used in California have 
proved ineffectual in the East. For regions, therefore, with moder- 
ately severe winters the use of the resin wash to destroy hibernating 
scale insects seems inadvisable. 
THE LIME, SULPHUR, AND SALT WASH. 
This is the invariable remedy for the San Jose scale in California 
and much of the Pacific coast, and it is, under the conditions of cli- 
mate obtaining in that region, undoubtedly very effective. Karly 
experience with this wash in the East threw doubt on its efficiency 
as an insecticide under the climatic conditions prevailing throughout 
the eastern half of the United States. Some later experiments, how- 
ever, have shown that wherever the weather conditions happen to 
be very favorable, duplicating, in a measure, the conditions on the 
Pacific coast, this wash is effective in the East also. Unfortunately, 
the weather conditions can not be relied on, and therefore its use in 
the East is not recommended. But if a considerable period (ten days 
or two weeks, at least) of dry weather could be assured after the 
treatment, it would probably give very satisfactory results when 
properly made and applied. It is a winter application and is applied 
in January or February, or at any time prior to spring growth. It 
may be prepared after the following formula: Unslaked lime, 30 
pounds; sulphur, 20 pounds; salt, 15 pounds. Place all together in 
a barrel with 30 or 40 gallons of water and boil with steam for three 
or four hours. For use, the mixture should be diluted to make 60 
gallons of wash, and may be preferably applied at a high tempera- 
ture. It may be made in smaller quantities by boiling over a fire, 
using the same proportion of ingredients. This wash is applied 
nearly every year, or as often as the San Jose scale develops in any 
considerable numbers. It has the advantage of leaving a limy coat- 
ing on the trees, which acts as a deterrent to the young scale lice, 
and where it is not washed by rains retains its value as an insecticide 
coating for some time, remaining in evidence on the trees for several 
months. 

