41 
to call attention to the fact that the loss to orchard, garden, and farm 
crops frequently amounts to from 15 to 75 per cent of the entire 
product, and innumerable instances could be pointed out where such 
loss has been sustained year after year, while now, by the adoption of 
remedial measures, large yields are regularly secured with an insig- 
nificant expenditure for treatment. It has been established that in the 
case of the apple crop spraying will protect from 50 to 75 per cent of 
the fruit which would otherwise be wormy, and that in actual market- 
ing experience the price has been enhanced from $1 to $2.50 per bar- 
rel, and this at a cost of only about 10 cents per tree for labor and 
material. This is especially true of regions where the codling ‘moth 
has but one fall brood annually. 
In the case of one orchard in Virginia, only one-third of which was 
sprayed, the result was an increase in the yield of sound fruit in the 
portion treated of nearly 50 per cent, and an increase of the value of 
this fruit over the rest of 100 per cent. The loss from not having 
treated the other two-thirds was estimated at $2,500. The saving to 
the plum crop and other small fruits frequently amounts to the secur- 
ing of a perfect crop where otherwise no yield whatever of sound fruit 
could be secured. 
An illustration in the case of field insects may also be given where, 
_ by the adoption of a system of rotation, in which oats were made to 
alternate with corn, the owner of a large farm in Indiana made a say- 
ing of $10,000 per year, this amount representing the loss previously 
sustained annually from the corn root-worm. The cotton crop, which 
formerly in years of bad infestation by the leaf-worm was estimated 
to be injured to the extent of $30,000,000, is now comparatively free 
from such injury owing to the general use of arsenicals. 
Facts of like import could be adduced in regard to many other lead- 
ing staples, but the foregoing are sufficient to emphasize the money 
value of intelligent action against insect enemies, which, with the 
present competition and diminishing prices, may represent the differ- 
ence between a profit and a loss in agricultural operations. 
16871—No. 127—01—__4 
