30 
special applicability to oil-water mixtures (see p. 19). Ultimately 
this principle may come into much more general use. 
Hose, nozzle, and agitator.—The hose and nozzle are two very essen- 
tial elements of a good spraying apparatus. The very best three- 
eighths, one-fourth, or one-half inch 3-ply or 4-ply hose should be 
bought. A cheap or inferior hose will not stand the pressure and 
heavy wear of spraying. For orchard spraying a length of 25 feet 
is the least that should be used, and better 35 feet, and longer with 
jarge apparatus where it may be possible to spray more than one row 
at a time. Several lines of hose may be operated with a strong spray 
pump. Each line of hose should be supplied with an extension rod 8 
or 10 feet long. This rod may be an ordinary bamboo pole into which 
a small brass tube is fitted carrying the nozzle, or the hose may 
terminate in a small gas pipe—a rather heavy device and useful for 
short length only. 
Of the many types of nozzles which have been devised, the best 
is that known as the Vermorel (fig. 5). Where the power is sufli- 
cient, a double or even quadruple nozzle may be at- 
tached to each line of hose. Most of the nozzles on 
the market are inferior, and this special type should 
be insisted upon. 
A very necessary feature of spray tanks is a Gevice 
for keeping the liquid constantly agitated to keep up 
a uniform mixture or prevent the settling of the poi- 
spray nozzle. son or solid constituents of the wash. This may be 
(From Waite.) accomplished by constant stirring with a paddle. 
Most of the spraying apparatus now on the market are provided 
with automatic agitators. 

SELECTION OF SPRAYING OUTFIT. 
For limited garden work or for the treatment of low plants a 
simple bucket pump can be used, which will cost about $6, or the 
knapsack pump, costing about $14. 
For home orchards of small size a barrel pump with one line of 
hose will serve every purpose, the complete outfit costing $12 to $18. 
For larger operations, with two lines of hose and nozzles, a barrel 
outfit, costing from $25 to $30, may be used. 
Tank outfits, with double cylinder pumps suitable for an orchard 
of a thousand bearing trees, may be obtained at a cost of from $75 
to $90. 
The power sprayers are much more expensive, costing $200 to $300 
or more. 
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