ys 
ee 
29 
REMEDY. 
The remedy for both of these insects is in burning the stubble which 
harbors the over-wintering stages. This burning may be done either 
directly after harvest or at any time during fall or winter, or prior to 
the earliest emergence of the adults, which may begin by the latter 
part of March. 
THE WHEAT BULB-WORM. 
(Meromyza americana Fitch.) 
The parent of the wheat bulb-worm (fig. 17) is a minute two-winged 
fly or gnat, not at all related to the Hessian fly, except in its habit of 
breeding in wheat and various grasses, and the damage due to it is 
doubtless very often confused with that done by the more dreaded 
species. 

Fie. 17.—Wheat bulb- worm (Meromyza americana): a, mature fly; b, larva; c, puparium; d, infested 
wheat stem—all enlarged except d (original). 
DISTRIBUTION. 
The wheat bulb-worm fly is a native American species, and doubtless 
originally bred in various wild grasses. Itis known to attack timothy 
and blue-stem and other grasses, and also rye, oats, and barley, as well 
as wheat. It is not nearly so destructive an insect as the Hessian fly, 
yet sometimes causes considerable loss. It is widely distributed, 
occurring from Canada southward to Texas, and practically covering 
the wheat belt of Eastern North America. It works in the wheat very 
much as does the Hessian fly, developing at least three generations or 
broods in the latitude of Ohio, and perhaps one or more additional 
broods in Texas and the South. The flies appear in September and 
October and deposit eggs (less than 0.025 of an inch in length) on the 
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