a a 
13 
said to make it more susceptible at that time. Spring, therefore, 
appears to be the most favorable season. 
Amount to use per acre.—T wo entirely different objects may be had 
in treatment: First, to stamp out entirely and surely all traces of the 
pest upon its first appearance in a vineyard, or when desiring to reset, 
regardless of the life of the vines; second, to control the pest in such 
a way as to prevent its multiplication while continuing the culture of 
the vineyard. ‘The first is called the extinction treatment; the second, 
cultural treatment. The method of application is the same in each 
case, but the amount of the dose differs. To secure extinction, it is 
usual to apply about 300 grams (10 ounces, nearly) per vine, using 
150 grams in each of two applications ten or twelve days apart. ~ This 
is said to kill ninety-nine out of every hundred vines. In cultural 
treatment the amount of the liquid to be used varies, according to the 
conditions previously described, from 140 to 265 pounds per acre. 
Instruments for application.—One of the principal difficulties in the 
first use of carbon bisulphid was to force the vapors to the desired depth. 
When first used below the surface, it was poured into holes formed by 
driving an iron bar with a maul. The demand for a more convenient, 
accurate, and rapid working instrument was soon met by the invention 
of the pal-injector by M.Gastine. This instrument was later improved 
by M. Vermorel, and it fills the need admirably. The carbon bisulphid 
is placed in a large chamber, from which an outlet leads down 
through a series of valves, so adjusted that the amount of each dis- 
charge can be exactly regulated as desired, and opens near the tip of 
a pointed bar. The instrument is forced into the ground by the 
handle and the pressure of the foot upon a spur to a depth of about 
1 foot; the central plunger is then pressed down and the desired 
amount of the liquid is discharged; the instrument is withdrawn, 
and the hole closed with the foot, or, as is usual in extensive work, 
another workman follows with a rammer, with which the holes are 
closed and the soil at the same time is firmly compacted. It is said 
that two men working together in this way can make between 2,000 
and 3,000 injections per day. One acre will require on the average 
from 10,000 to 12,000 holes. 
Plows have been invented which facilitate considerably the applica- 
tion, but it can not be made as deeply as with the injectors, on account of 
the interference of the roots. If such a plow is used, about one-fourth 
to one-third more of the carbon bisulphid will be required, on account 
of its nearness to the surface. The liquid is ejected from the machine 
with so much force that it becomes separated into fine drops, thus 
facilitating rapid evaporation. Soil is then drawn up over the liquid 
and compacted by the machine. Slight explosions occasionally are 
produced during application, especially in stony soils, by sparks caused 
by the steel striking against stones, but they are by no means serious, 
