29 INSECTS INJURIOUS IN 1902. 
immediately returning to the cow or steer. The habit these flies 
have of resting on the horns, if horns are present, has given them 
the above name. It should be noted, however, at this time they 
cause no injury whatever but have simply chosen a secure retreat 
where they cannot be disturbed. Their position while biting is 
characterized by more or less extended wings; when resting on 
the horns the wings are closer together pointing backward. 
This fly introduced into this country about 1886, has become 
very numerous and troublesome in this State. The writer has 
met with it at St. Anthony Park, Alexandria, Fergus Falls, and 
Luverne and has received reports of its occurrence in various lo- 
calities. It appears to be generally distributed over the State and 
bids fair to become a very noxious pest. With a view to finding 
Fig. 30.—Horn Flies on horn of cow, enlarged. Original. 
some effective means of keeping it from the cattle, the Entomol- 
ogist tried several experiments this summer at the station with 
good results. The various patent preparations on the market are 
good as far as they go, but quite expensive and not lasting. A 
cow sprayed at milking time will stand quiet enough, but a few 
hours later the effect of the “fly cure” has gone. I am further in- 
formed by a well posted dairyman that when these remedies are 
used in sufficient quantities to produce a lasting effect they injure 
the skin of the animal upon which they are applied. 
Various simple compounds were tried at the Experiment 
Farm. These, with results, are here given. Rancid lard, not ef- 
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