THE OKTIIOPTI-kA OF MINNESOTA. 1 



Locusts, grasshoppers, cockroaches, crickets and similar 

 insects are all injurious to agriculture and allied pursuits, 

 and frequently destroy not alone the crops of a farm, but 

 those of entire counties and even states. As a knowledge of 

 the structure, habits, etc., greatly assists us in combatting 

 this enemy, it is very important that everyone interested in 

 the various branches of agriculture should be thoroughly 

 familiar with these small foes, and for this reason the fol- 

 lowing pages were prepared. Thej^ contain the description 

 of the habits of the most destructive species of locusts, 

 and also give the proper methods to combat them. 

 A short description of the structure of one s]iecics is given, 

 as well as illustrated descriptions of nearl}- all ortho]>terous 

 insects known to exist in Minnesota. 



The descriptions of many of the insects given are taken 

 from a number of sources, but mainlj^ from the excellent 

 works of Scudder, Comstock, Fernald, Beutenmueller, Alorse, 

 Blatchley, and McNeill; needed material, books, etc., were 

 kindly loaned by Professors Forbes, Garman, Osborn and 

 others. The illustrations were made by the assistant of the 

 writer, Mr. E. B. Forbes, who deserves especial thanks for his 

 faithful work, by Miss Lydia M.Hart, and by W. T. Shaw, a 

 student of the Agricultural College, who made the drawings 

 of the anatomical details. A few others were kindly loaned 

 by Dr. L. O. Howard, chief of the Entomological Division of 

 the Department of Agriculture. The illustrations in the 

 first ]jart of the bulletin were bought from the late Prof. C. V. 

 Riley. 



The Art Engraving Co., of St. Paul, prepared the illus- 

 trations for the printer, and deserves credit for its good 

 work. 



It is the pleasant duty of the entomologist to express his 

 sincere thanks to all persons who have aided him in the 

 preparation of this bulletin. 



Otto Lugger. 



