134 FAMILY V.— CEDIPODIN/E. 



than the anterior one, and the median carina is frequently 

 entirely or partially crested. As in the preceding snb-family 

 the last spine of the outer row of the posterior tibias is 

 wanting. 



We possess in the United States not less than twenty- 

 three genera only found here or in JVTexico. The insects 

 belonging here are mostly large and showy, often possess- 

 ing bright-red, yellow, or even blue wings with black bands. 

 Nearly all the bright-colored locusts found in the United 

 States belong to this sub-family ; most of them are very 

 conspicuous objects in flight, when they show their color? 

 which is at other times entirely hidden. This seems to indi- 

 cate that these bright colors of the wings are by no means 

 protective, but are probably of some value in the mating of the 

 sexes. The colorof the wings varies greatly in the same spe- 

 cies, and we can in some cases find individuals that show all 

 the sh ades of color from dull white through yellow and orange 

 to Vermillion red. This greater intensity of color is partly 

 due to age, and, perhaps, to higher temperature. CBdipodinse 

 are also very noticeable on account of the rattling noise 

 w^hich the males of most species produce in flight. Even 

 some females produce such sounds, but in a less degree. 

 Stridulation is produced also when the insect is sitting on 

 the ground, by rubbing the hind thighs against the wing- 

 covers, the intercalary vein of which is in most cases toothed 

 or roughened. 



Genera of CEdipodini found in Minnesota. 



A. Interspace between the metasternal foramina linear, or 

 distinctly longer than broad in the male, narrower 

 than the interspace between the mesosternal lobes in the 

 females. 



B. Tegmina subcoriaceous, densely or irregularly reticu- 

 late, only at the apex remotely areolate; wings 

 brightly colored, red or yellow at base; none of the 

 veins incrassate and no costal stigma Arphia. 



