DEVELOPMENT OF THE SKULL IN THE BATRACHIA. 7 



Salieiitia " and various papers in the ' Zoological Proceedings ' give me the views of the 

 former, and the article on the "Classification of the Batrachia" (Proc. Zool. Soc, 1869, 

 pp. 280-295) those of the latter, author. I shall use as few of the zoological characters 

 as possible, and refer my reader to the works just mentioned for further information. 



I.— ANURA PHANEROGLOSSA.* 



(Including "Opisthoglossa" and " Proteroglossa.") 

 II.— ANURA AGLOSSA. 



I.— PHANEROGLOSSA. 



A. With teeth in the maxillaries, premaxillaries, and generally in the vomers. 



a. With sharp fingers and toes. 



b. With dilated digital disks. 



B. With no teeth in either U2:)per jaws or vomers. 



a. With sharp fingers and toes. 

 6. With dilated digital disks. 



I. A. a. 1. — Frogs ivith sharp toes, teeth in jaivs and vomers, toes more or less webbed, 

 a bonij shaft to manubrium (" omosternum ") ; cylindrical processes to sacral 

 vertebra, and ivithout parotoid glands. 



Fu-st Family. " Ranid^." 



Genera — Rana, Tomopterna, Pyxicephalus. 

 First genus. Rana. 



1. R. clamata, Daud. — Larvas, three stages (A, B, C). Cambridge, Mass., U.S. 



2. R. pipiens, Harl. — Three stages of lai-vte (A, B, C) and Adult. N. America. 



3. R, ? sp. — Larva. India. 



4. R. palustris, Leconte. — Newly metamorphosed young. Cambridge, Mass., U.S. 



5. R. halecina, Kalm. — Immature male. N. America. 



6. R. temporaria, Linn. — Great Britain. Various stages described (see Phil. 



Trans., 1871, Plates 3-10, jjp. 137-211.) 

 1. R. esculenta, Linn. — Adult. Europe (see Huxley, Art. "Amphibia," 

 Encyc. Brit, 9th edit., vol. iii., pp. 750-771.) 



• A few types enjoy some freedom of the tongue in front, namely, Rhinophryinm and Xmorhlna; I have 

 also found this character developed, in some degree, in lihinoderma Darwinii, but Dr. GL'NTUKR tells mo 

 that he does not think it a modification of any great importance ; yet the rule is for the tongue to be only 

 free behind. Another character, namely, the possession of mandibular teeth, as in Hemiphractiis and 

 GrypUcHS (MiVAKT, pp. 294, 295) is more important, but unfortunately I have not at present been able 

 to procure either of these kinds. 



