50 MR. W. K. PARKER OX THE STRUCTTIRE AND 



Tlie nnsal processes of the preiDaxillaries (fig. 1, jxr.) are less, but the palatal 

 (fig. 2) are larger, and the right bone is much the larger of the two where it joins the 

 palatal part of the maxillary ; there is a small septo-maxillary also on the right side 

 (fig. 1, /i.mx.). 



The maxillarles and quadrato-jiigals {mx., q.j.) are much alike in both species ; the 

 squamosal (sq.) ends abruptly over the auditory mass, and not as a triangular j^rocess 

 (see also Plate 6, fig. J); its postorbital process is deeper; the mandible (fig. 3) has 

 a crest to the dentary, and the coronoid process of the articulare is high. 



The "annulus" {rUy.) is large and complete. The parts of the "middle ear" are 

 similar to those of the last, except that the inter-stapedial (fig. 5, i.st.) is larger and is 

 well ossified, the medio-stapedial (in.st.) straigliter, and the extra-stapedial (est.) 

 broad and orbicular ; the supra-stapedial [s.fit.) is coalesced above. 



The stylo-hyal ends of the hyoid bands are confluent above ; the whole bar is perfect 

 and normal on the left side, but on the right it is absorbed from the hypo-hyal nearly 

 to the stylo-hyal regions (Plate 7, fig. 4, c.hy., h.hj/.). 



The differences to be seen between this and the last are largely due to diminished 

 size and strength ; these variations, as compai'ed to what is seen in the lesser types, 

 are largely due to their greater bulk. But there is a residuum of vai-iations that 

 cannot fairly be put down to these causes. There are in this species : — 



1 . A small but definite prenasal rostrum. 



2. A small septo-maxillary on the right side only, but the nasal angle in its ascent 

 has a solid bony mass formed in it. 



3. A crested dentary. 



4. The right cerato-hyal absorbed. 



5. Stylo-hyal confluent, above. 



6. Supra-stapedials confluent, above. 



7. Inter-stapedial well ossified. 



8. Quadrate partly ossified. 



9. Rudiment of a superorbital plate. 



13. Rana KuhJi. — Male; 2^ inches long ; two-tliirds grown. Ceylon. 



This large, but not full grown, Frog belongs to the most aberrant species of its 

 genus, and its jieculiarities are the stronger expression of what is more feebly seen to 

 particularise the other Oriental kinds of Rana. 



We shall see in this type how near the characters of a species of this genus may 

 come to those of types which lie at tlie furthest distance from the model-form ; — 

 bordei'ers and mixed breeds, so to speak, that help to break the isolation of the main 

 group, and to show its affinities to the groups that encompass it round about. 



As to general form, this skull (Plate 7, figs. 6-10) is half a moderately long ellipse, 

 and has very neat outline. 



