112 MR. W. K. PARKER ON THE STRUCTURE AND 



hinder lobe, which is merely a blunt projection. The trabecular and pre-palatine 

 spikes {c.tr., pr.pa.) help to surround the inner nostril {i.n.) in the same manner, and 

 the quadrate region (</.) is alike in both, but most turned inwards in this. 



The passages, only, of the Uth and 10th nerves are shown, but the common root of 

 the upper and lower maxillary branches of the fifth (V-'^.), the orbito-nasal (V^), the 

 facial (VII.), and the long, undivided palatine or vidian are shown ; the latter (VIP.) is 

 seen passing forwards outside of, and a little below, the orbito-nasal; it pierces the 

 ethmoidal wing, then runs close to the mid-line, and suppUes the upper lip. The 

 optic (11.) and olfactory (I.) are seen in situ* 



The spiracular cartilage {sjj.c.) is shorter; tlic upper labials (u.t.u.l''.) are quite cut 

 through into four pieces; the lower labials (fig. 8, /./. ) and the mandibles (ink.) are 

 similar to, but still more solid than, those of the larger kind. The hyoid cornu 

 (fig. 9, c.hif.) is extended out mfco an unciform stylo-hyal {st.h.) and the condyle {hy.c.) 

 is narrow and oblong. 



The extra-branchial pouches {ex.hr.) are similar, but the small cerato-branchials (c.br.) 

 are smaller still in this, and the second is confluent with the hypo-branchial plate 

 (h.hr.), as well as with its corresponding external bar. 



All thiugs, however, taken together, the want of conformity between these two m 

 the chondrocranium is much less than between many other kinds that are congeners ; 

 the eye sees at once that they must belong to types very near akin to each other. 



This is shown, also, in the parasphenoid (fig. 7, pa.s.), but it has a long point at its 

 fore end, and its basi-temporal wings are pointed, but the two bones are very much 

 ahke : the great difference is in the want of any trace of granulation in this. 



The fronto-parietals (fig. 6, f.p.) are also quite devoid of granulation ; and their 

 size is in extreme contrast with those of the larval Calyptoccplialus ; they belong 

 to a somewhat riper stage, and yet, instead of being large expanded plates, are mere 

 styles of bone, lying hke wall-plates on the edge of the skull, dilated a little on the 

 inside where they will be more or less segmented into two bones, and on the outside, 

 where they bind on the auditory sac. 



Third Family. " Discoglossid^." 



First genus. Discoglossus.- 



27,— -Diseo^stms^pictus^^T A.dult male ; 2^ inches long. South Europe. 



This is a true Frog, it comes next the Ranine, and above the Cystignathme species, 

 but is modified by having a discoid tongue, dilated sacral apophyses, and opisthcccjehau 

 vertebrae. The other Frogs that possess the first of these marked characteristics axe 



* The sudden curve, upwards, of the pedicle (fig. 6, jjrZ.) gives it the appearance of lying over the . 

 Sfch nerve at its exit; this is not the case, however, the actual end passes into the skull much lower 

 duwu. 



