152 ]\[R. W. K. PARKER ON THE STRUCTURE AND 



quadrate, with its condyle (q.c) runs downwards and outwards to a considerable 

 distance ; hachmrds, it only reaches to the fore end of the stapes {st.) ; above the 

 condyle the quadrato-jugal {</.j-) has spread into the cartilage, ossifying it. 



The Eustachian openings (eu.) are large and oval ; they are turned forwards ; the 

 annulus (a.ty.) is large and perfect; the stylo-hyal (st.h.) is confluent above. The 

 stapes {fig. 4, st.) is large, convexo-concave, oval, and emargmate in front ; the inter- 

 stapedial (i.st.) is a thick mass, ossified lax'gely, and joined by a suture to the medio- 

 stapedial (m.st.), which is a straight rod. The extra-stapedial (^e.st.) is a wide 

 spatula, and its ascending fork (s.st.) is cartilaginous and confluent above. 



The mandible (fig. 3) is perfectly normal, and the mento-Meckelian {m.mk.) is well 

 ossified. The coronoid crest of the articulare («''.) is moderate, and the condyle is 

 sub-reniform. The hyo-branchial apparatus is nonnal, but its actual shape is much 

 like that of the next {liappia, fig. 8) ; the hypo-hyal lobe is small, and the cerato- 

 hyal broad {h.hy., c.hy.) ; the semi-oval notch in front is short, the front lateral lobe 

 very large and separated by a small space from the hind lobe ; the basal plate {hJi.hr.) 

 is both long and broad, as comjaared with that of other kinds, and the thyi'o-hyals 

 {t.hy.) are long and slender. 



Altogether this part is exactly intermediate between what we find in the ordinary 

 Oriental Polypedatidse, and in the next but one, a small Ethiopian type. 



The investing bones are such as would be found in a Common Frog's skull of the 

 same size and age. The fronto-parietals {j-p.) are more Ranme\h.ea in the last, being 

 pointed above ; they would be more truncated in an old specimen. The nasals (/?.) are 

 better developed, and cover more of the nasal roof than in its congeners. The para- 

 sphenoid {pa.s.) is very large, both in the median and transverse parts ; and the 

 vomers (r.) are well developed and dentigerous. I find no septo-maxillaries ; the 

 marginal splints {i^x., rax., q.j., sq.) are feeble but normal. An intermediate place 

 between Hylarana temporalis and the West African Rappia is asked for this species : 

 we shall see this in the two next instances. Compared with the type, we have some 

 curious discrepancies : — 



1. The great size, both length and breadth, of the orbital region. 



2. The intense ossification of the occipito-auditory region. 



3. A well-marked endosteal supraoccipital bone. 



4. No septo-maxillaries. 



5. The confluent condition of the apices of the stylo-hyal and supra-stapedial. 



6. The intense ossification of the inter-stapedial. 



7. The large size and close contiguity of the lateral lobes of the basi-hyobranchial 

 plate ; none of these are deep-seated differences. 



40. Hylarana temporalis. — Adult male ; 2^ inches long. Ceylon. 



Dr. GiJNTHER ("Eept. of Brit. Ind.," p. 427) gives his reasons for believing this 

 insular species, which at that date (18G4) he had received from Ceylon only, to be 



