154 MR. W. K. PARKER OX THE STRUCTURE AND 



in the iiuixillanes), and the new "horns" or pro-rhmals {ji.rJi.) tliat liav^e budded 

 from tlieir infero-medial face, is clearly seen. 



The broad snout is gently emarginate in front, and the nostrUs {en.) look outwards 

 and forwards : they are wide apart, and are protected by the normal valves {uM.ii.l-.). 

 The large circular inner nostrils {i.n.) are still wide apart, not much nearer together 

 than in the more flat-headed " Polypedatidoe." 



The palato-suspensorial arches are perfectly normal, but slender ; their bones {pa., py.) 

 j^artake of a like slenderness, and the well-retreated condyle of the quadrate ('/.'■•) 

 is large. So also is the condyle of the pedicle {pd.) ; it is sub-convex ; the other is 

 deeply bilobate : above this hinge the suspensorium is ossified to some extent by the 

 quadrato-j ugal (</., ([.j.). The Eustachian openings {en.) are large, oval, and look 

 outwards and forwards. The annulus {ci.t;/.) is very large, broad, and perfect. 



The mandible (fig. 3) is long, slender, and normal ; it has a rather high coronoid 

 process to the articulare {ar.) ; the dentary {d.) is half the length of the ramus, and 

 rises into a crest behind the mento-Meckelian {mk.), as in the Oriental liance 

 (Plates G and 7). 



The stapes (fig. 5, .s^) is large, sub-oval, and has a boss i'or muscular attachment ; 

 the inter-stapedial {i.st.) is a large, thick, sub-oval cartilage ; the medio-stapedial (m.st.) 

 is a short pistol-shaped bone, very large and expanded above ; the extra-stapedial {e.st.) 

 is large and spatulate ; and the supra-stapediai {s.st.) is almost entirely fibrous. 



The hyo-branchial apparatus (fig. 4) is normal, but all the " lobes " are small and 

 jiarrow. 



The investing bones are intermediate between those of a middle-sized Rana and a 

 broad-headed member of its own Family ; both the roof-bones {f.i>.) and the para- 

 sphenoid {pci.s.) reach further forwards than in its congeners. The nasals (/(.) are 

 angular, jagged shells, and leave a large cruciform tract of cartUage uncovered. 



Tlie outer bones of the face are all slender ; there are no septo-maxillaries ; and the 

 quadiato-jugals {q.j.) are grafted upon the quadi'ate cartilage. The vomers {v.) are 

 large, have a considerable dentigerous lobe, and the three other spikes are well 

 developed. Compared with the " norma," this skull is — 



1. Eemarkable for the breadth of the craiuum proper; for the great length as 

 well as breadth of the mid skull ; and for the width of the foi'e skull, or nasal region. 



2. There are no septo-maxillaries. 



3. The superorbital " eaves " are large. 



4. The girdle-bone is imperfect. 



5. The stapes has a boss, and the stylo-hyal is confluent. 



6. Tlie supra-stapedial is imperfect. 



Tliese axe all slight modifications, and on the whole this skull is extremely Rnnine, 

 and agrees especially with the Oriental Ramr in having a crest on the fore end of the 

 dentary, and a large perfect annulus. 



