190 MR. W. K. PARKER ON THE STRUCTURE AND 



outer passes outside the front of the nostril and is a hollow shell ; these are pei-manent 

 upper labials {u.P. u.l'.). 



The lower labials (fig. 12, /./.) are, as in the earlier stage, very solid; but now they 

 fonn a very good half ring, segmented across the middle ; these scooped, thick ridged 

 cartilages are articulated with the mandibles {mk.), massive, swelling segments, with 

 a concave condyloid face, and a squarish, hooked, angular pi'ocess. The massive 

 suspensorials (sp.) arc nearly half as broad as long; theu- pedicle (fig. 11) is narrow at 

 its root but soon widens ; their otic process (fig. 10, ot.p.) is a high, thick, inturned rib 

 of cartilage. 



The large leafy orbitar process (or.p.) is half the size of the suspensorium, it is of 

 good width, and very long, from its broad, sessile root, to its rounded apes. The 

 condyle for the hyoid {hi/.f.) is the normal rimmed hollow, and the condyle of the 

 quadrate is rather small, and selliform. The pterygo-palatme bridge {p-pg-) is rather 

 small, and the cartUage in front of it very broad, sending inwards a sharp, but small 

 pre-palatuie hook {pr.pa.) ; I find no rudiment of a post-palatme over the bridge. 

 The hyoid (fig. 13) is massive, its distal lobes are lessening ; its condyle large, and its 

 stylo-hyal end sharp and uncinate. The sharp, shell-like fronto-parietals (fig. 10, 

 f-p.) are as much developed now, iis in the average of the HyUihe, in the adult; the 

 parasphenoid (fig. 11, pa.s.) has the shape and proportions, now, that it has m the 

 adults of many dwarf Toads {^Pseudophyrne, &c.), being broad, splintery, and with 

 sharp, angular lateral processes. 



The basi- and hypo-branchials are normal, and the cerato-bi-anchials {proper) are 

 evident, as distinct from the extra-branchial pouches, which are, also, quite normal ; 

 these parts were dissected and examined, but not figured. 



This specimen has added considerably to the sum of our knowledge of the growth 

 and metamorphosis of the Batrachian skull ; I shall refer to it, especially, in my 

 " Summary." 



Third sub-division. — Tree-frogs, ivith dilated sacral apophyses and p)arotoids. 



Family. " Pelodryadidje." 

 First genus. Pelodryas. 

 53. Pelodryas ceridceus. — Adult male ; 3 inches long. New South Wales. 



This skull is of the average breadth, which is to the length as 9 is to 8 : the 

 quadrate condyles almost reach as far back as the occipital, and the general outline is 

 a very accurate semi-eUipse. 



At first sight this skull is seen to belong to a very different type to that of the 

 Common Frog ; it is interaiediate in size between those of the Common and Edible 

 kinds, and in detail differs much from them ; the large Oriental " Polypedatidaj " help 

 to fill in the space between the typical Frogs with pointed toes, and the typical fiat- 

 toed kinds, 



