DEVELOPS! ENT OF THE SKULL IN THE BATBACHIA. 203 



In the orbital region tlie endocranium forms scarcely more than a thiid of the 

 expanse ; the rest is chie to the roof bones {J-2>-) ', (^^("1/ increase in size from before, 

 backwards ; the cranial box, from behind, forwards. Behind, the endocranium is 

 exposed very little ; the edge of the occipital ring is bare, and so are the epiotic 

 eminences, and the bony ear-capsules for a small space further outwards, and forwards. 

 The paroccipital wings, ending in the " tegmina," are very much outspread, but they 

 are roofed over and hidden by the huge top of the squamosals (sq.). 



The endocranium is not wanting in height (fig. 3), its ethmoidal axillse are lai'ge 

 and shallow (fig. 2, eth.). The snout is very broad, but rounded ; it is vmusually steep 

 (fig. 3). The winged portion of the girdle-bone is largely hidden, below, by the 

 enormous palatine bones (fig. 2, eth., j^a.). The subnasal laminae (fig. 2) are wide, 

 and are half occupied by the extended ossification of the ethmoid. Above, the nasals 

 hide all but the end of the snout (fig. 1, «.) ; when these are removed it is seen that 

 the roof-cartilages (n.r.) merely form a widish ring round each outer nostril {e.n.), and 

 perhaps run a little along the side of the septum (fig. l). These rimmed nostrils are 

 large and wide apart, and the second labial {u.l~-) forms a very large valve in front of 

 the passage. The first labial {u.V.) is small and lenticular ; it supports the first, lying 

 inside the rod-shaped vertical nasal process of the premaxillary (fig. 3, n:px.). 



The roof cartilage swells (fig. 1) out on each side of the bevelled end of the septum ; 

 below (fig. 2, 'p.rh.), the pro-rhinals are seen as inbent- spikes. The cai-tilage of the 

 palatine and pterygoid regions is broken up into an ethmo-palatine and a pterygoid, 

 the bones corresponding to these regions having devoured most of this sub-ocular 

 arch. 



The palathie bones (fig. 2, pa.), together, form a strong cross-bar, as thick and 

 almost as long as the mandible (fig. 3). They are sigmoid, flattened, within, where they 

 meet and form a strong suture ; they are dilated and convex, and, externally, become 

 falcate. A bony ridge, sub-distinct, and half their length, grows from their middle — 

 at an equal distance from each end; it is sharply seiTated, and the seme (fig. 7, pa., pa.) 

 might easily be mistaken for teeth ; they are undoubtedly the atavistic marks of teeth. 



The hooked end of the palatine slightly overlaps the corresponding pterygoid [pg.) ; 

 this latter is an extraordinary bone, composed of three nearly equal rays, each of 

 which strongly clamps the contiguous pai-ts of the skull. 



A small epipterygoidean rod of cartilage still lingers in the outer part of the front 

 ray (fig. 3, pg., up.) ; this runs to a point in the Jixed, bony pedicle (j^d.) ; below, it 

 widens, and then is stopped by the bony growth of the ([uadrate (</.), borrowed from 

 the quadrato-jugal {(J-J-)- 



A rounded angle, less than a i-ight angle, lies between the jugal part of the ptery- 

 goid and the bony pedicle (j^f^l-)- The former bar becomes a style in front, being 

 aborted by the huge maxillary {dw.); it swells outwards against the space for the 

 temporal muscle, and then becomes vertical, applying itself to the inner face of the 

 quadrate, as it descends, growing also both backwards and outwards. The inner ray 



2 D 2 



