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out of the shade of the plants to the middles of the rows. After 
much experimental work one of the writer’s former associates, Dr. 
W. E. Hinds, devised an implement that accomplishes the desired 
work in a satisfactory manner. This implement is known as the 
chain cultivator or chain drag. 
The following specifications should enable any blacksmith to con- 
struct an effective chain cultivator. (See fig. 6.) 
The draft bar (7 m), made of 4 by 3; inch tire steel, about 52 inches 
long, is designed to be about 16 inches above the ground, and this is 
the height of the rear arch (f 2 m), which is of this size and form to 
allow old cotton roots, ete., to pass through freely without clogging 
at the rear. 
The distance between the rear ends of the chains (g g, 7 f) is 
in each pair fixed at about 10 inches. The distance between a chain 
of one pair and that of the other at their front ends should be about 9 
inches. The chains used are of the size known as “ log chains,” hav- 
ing short, close links of 2-inch iron. This style of chain can be cut to 
the length needed in each case. The chain is easily attached by sim- 
ply making the hooks at d, e, 7, and g so that the end of the hook is 
as wide as will pass through the length of the link and narrow enough 
at the middle of the bend to allow the link to turn and bag the other 
way. So long as the chains are kept tight they can not become un- 
hooked. The hooks should also be turned, or faced, in such a way that 
they will not be likely to catch the passing plants or rubbish. 
The clevis (0 p) is simply hinged, so that there will be no tendency 
to pull the front of the machine off of the ground, and it is also broad 
enough in front to allow of the point of draft being moved from one 
side to the other, so that the front of the machine may be thrown 
closer to one row if desired. 
The front guard on each side (a b ¢ d) is made of one piece of 
spring steel, ? by 3; inch. This size seems sufficiently strong and best 
adapted to carry the tension of the chains (d g) while still yielding to 
the pressure against the bases of the plants as they may strike the 
outer, sloping ends near d. The inner ends of these guards (a 6) are 
horizontal, about 18 inches each in length, and serve to carry the 
front guard above the draft bar (” m) and, passing through the 
keeper (7), guide in the adjustment for width. The machine can not 
be extended beyond the bent ends at a or closed beyond the angles 
at 6. The vertical section between 6 and ¢ is about 12 inches long, so 
that the remainder of the front guard from c to near d will be about 
4 inches above the ground. This prevents the pushing of dirt and 
squares toward the plants and allows the chains to catch them where 
they lie. The hooks at d and e are therefore bent downward and 
somewhat backward through about 5 or 6 inches. Care must be taken 
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