EXTERMINATING THE TEXAS-FEVER TICK. 25 
good type of pail spray pump (fig. 12), costing from $5 to $7, will be 
found satisfactory for treating small herds. About 15 feet of {-inch 
high-pressure hose is required, and a type of nozzle furnishing a cone- 
shaped spray of not too wide an angle will be found satisfactory. A 
nozzle with a very small aperture should not be used, because the 
spray produced is too fine to saturate properly the hair and skin of the 
animals without consuming an unnecessary amount of time. 
The animal to be sprayed should be securely tied to one of the posts 
of a board or rail fence, or, better still, when convenient, to the corner 
post in an angle of the fence. This will facilitate the spraying by 
preventing the animal from circling abcut to avoid the treatment, 
and will reduce the amount of help necessary. Every portion of the 
body should be thoroughly treated, special attention being given to 
Fra. 13.—Spraying cow from pail with hand pump. 
the head, dewlap, brisket, inside of elbows, inside of thighs and flanks, 
the tail, and the depressions at the base of the tail. Crude oil alone 
may be used, but in general a 20 to 25 per cent emulsion will be found 
more satisfactory. 
All the cattle on the place should be sprayed every two weeks with 
this emulsion. The horses and mules should be kept free of ticks by 
picking or other means. If on account of heavy rains or other causes 
the oil disappears rather rapidly from the skin of the cattle, spraying 
should be carried out oftener. The interval should never be greater 
than two weeks, and spraying should not be discontinued simply 
because the ticks have become scarce or seem to have disappeared. 
This is a great temptation to the busy farmer, on account of the labor 
and expense incident to spraying, but in the long run it is short- 
378 
