84 BEES. 
new sections as ‘‘bait.’”’ Another good plan is to put a shallow 
extracting frame on either side of the sections. If a few colonies 
in the apiary that are strong enough to go above still refuse, lift 
supers from some colonies that have started to work above and give 
them to the slow colonies. The super should generally be shaded 
somewhat to keep it from getting too hot. Artificial swarming 
will quickly force bees into the supers. 
To produce the finest quality of comb honey full sheets of founda- 
tion should be used in the sections. Some bee keepers use nearly a 
full sheet hung from the top of the section and a narrow bottom 
starter. The use of foundation of worker-cell size is much preferred. 
When one super becomes half full or more and there are indications 
that there will be honey enough to fill others, the first one should be 
raised and an empty one put on 
the hive under it. This tiering up 
can be continued as long as neces- 
sary, but it is advisable to remove 
filled sections as soon as possible 
after they are nicely capped, for 
they soon become discolored and 
less attractive. Honey removed 
immediately after capping finds a 
better market, but if left on the 
hive even until the end of the sum- 
mer the quality of the honey is 1m- 
proved. A careful watch must be 
kept on the honey flow, so as to 
give the bees only enough sections 
to store the crop. If this is not 
done a lot of unfinished sections 
will be left at the end of the flow. Honeys from different sources 
should never be mixed in the sections, as it gives the comb a bad 
appearance. 
To remove bees from sections, the super may be put over a bee 
escape so that the bees can pass down but can not return, or the 
supers may be removed and covered with a wire-cloth-cone bee 
escape. 
After sections are removed the wood should be scraped free of 
propolis (bee glue) and then packed in shipping cases (fig. 21) for 
the market. Shipping cases to hold 12, 24, or 48 sections, in which the 
various styles of sections fit exactly, are manufactured by dealers 
in supplies. In shipping these cases, several of them should be put 
in a box or crate packed in straw and paper and handles provided to 
reduce the chances of breakage. When loaded in a freight car the 
combs should be parallel with the length of the car. 
397 
Fig. 20.—Perforated zine queen excluder. 
