psy TREATMENT OF BEE DISEASES. 
field. The infected hive is now placed on top of or close beside the 
clean hive and a bee escape placed over the entrance, so that the 
younger bees and those which later emerge from the cells may leave 
the contaminated hive but can not return. They therefore join the 
colony in the new hive. If desired, the infected hive may be placed 
above the clean hive and a tin tube about 1 inch in diameter placed 
from the old entrance so that the lower end is just above the open 
entrance of the new hive. The bees follow down this tube and on 
their return enter the new hive. When all of the healthy brood has 
emerged from the infected combs the old hive is removed. This 
treatment induces less excitement in the apiary and is preferred by 
many experienced beekeepers. Care should be taken that the old 
hive is absolutely tight to prevent robbing. The old hive and its 
contents of honey and wax are treated as indicated under the shak- 
ing treatment. 
Fall Treatment. 
Tf it is necessary to treat a colony so late in the fall that it would 
be impossible for the bees to prepare for winter, the treatment may 
be modified by shaking the bees onto combs entirely full of honey 
so that there is no place for any brood to be reared. This will usually 
be satisfactory only after brood rearing has entirely ceased. Unless 
a colony is quite strong it does not pay to treat in the fall, but it 
should be destroyed or united to another colony. In case a diseased 
colony dies outdoors in the winter there is danger that other bees 
may have opportunity to rob the hive before the beekeepers can close 
the entrance. In case bees are wintered in the cellar it is more ad- 
visable to risk wintering before treatment, for if the colony does die 
the hive will not be robbed. 
Drugs. 
Many European writers have in the past advocated the use of 
various drugs for feeding, in sugar sirup, to diseased colonies, or the 
fumigation of contaminated combs. In the case of American foul 
brood, of which the cause is known, it has been found that the drugs 
recommended are not of the slightest value and no time should be 
wasted in their use. 
TREATMENT FOR EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD. 
European foul brood is a very peculiar disease and its cause has 
not yet been satisfactorily determined. It is, therefore, impossible to 
discuss the treatment of this disease as definitely as that of American 
foul brood. From the experience of many careful beekeepers it is, 
however, possible to suggest some additional manipulations which 
may be tried by experienced beekeepers. The treatments given -pre- 
viously are strongly recommended for this disease. 
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