REMEDIES AND PREVENTIVES AGAINST MOSQUITOES. 
INTRODUCTION. 
Since the discovery that mosquitoes are not only nuisances, but 
are also conveyers of malaria, yellow fever, filariasis, and dengue 
fever, a great deal of remedial work has been done by individuals 
and communities. Many remedies and plans of action have been 
tested on a large scale, and what follows is a summary of the results. 
PROTECTION FROM BITES. 
PROTECTIVE LIQUIDS. 
Spirits of camphor rubbed upon the face and hands or a few 
drops on the pillow at night will keep mosquitoes away for a time, 
and this is also a well-known property of oil of pennyroyal. Neither 
of these substances is durable; that is to say, a single application will 
not last through the night. Oil of peppermint, lemon juice, and 
vinegar have all been recommended, while oil of tar has been used 
in regions where mosquitoes are especially abundant. Oil of citron- 
ella is one of the best substances to be used in this way. The odor 
is objectionable to some people, but not to many, and it is efficient 
in keeping away mosquitoes for several hours. The best mixture 
tried by the writer was sent to him by Mr. C. A. Nash, of New York, 
and is as follows: 
Oirlkotxeit ron ell aes ass = es ek Pe ee eee 1 ounce 
Spiritscot camphor 22-2 ee ee ee 1 ounce 
One teen hip er ee ee ee ees 4 ounce 
Ordinarily a few drops on a bath towel hung over the head of the 
bed will keep the common house mosquitoes away. Where they are 
very abundant and persistent a few drops rubbed on the face and 
hands will suffice. Even this mixture, however, loses its efficacy 
toward the close of a long night. It is the habit of the yellow-fever 
mosquito, Aédes (Stegomyia) calopus Meig., to begin to bite at day- 
light. By that time the average person is sleeping very soundly, and 
the effects of the mixture will usually have largely passed away. It 
follows that in the Southern States where this mosquito occurs these 
protective mixtures are not supposed to be as effective as they are in 
the North. As a matter of fact, however, this last mixture, could 
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