1) . REMEDIES AND PREVENTIVES AGAINST MOSQUITOES. 
Certain forms, for example, breed only in tree holes; others in accu- 
mulations of water in epiphytic plants; another species breeds only in 
the crabholes on sea beaches. Others are of more general breeding 
habits and will live in almost any chance accumulation of water. 
Certain species breed only in the salt marshes and may lay their 
eggs on mud, and most others lay their eggs upon the surface of 
water. Certain of the species, especially those occurring inland, in 
the more northern States, seem to breed only in the pools formed by 
melting snow, and as these occur at only one time of the year there 
is but one generation, and the eggs are laid in midsummer or later 
in such hollows in the earth as will be filled by the melting snow the 
ensuing spring. Another species, which is frequently very annoying 
in certain of the northern States, breeds only in the stems of certain 
aquatic plants. Still another breeds in the pitchers of pitcher plants 
(Sarracenia). 
Culex pipiens L. in the North and Culex quinquefasciatus Say and 
Aédes (Stegomyia) calopus Meig. in the South, however, breed in 
every chance receptacle of water about residences, and their destruc- 
tion means the abolition or treatment of all such receptacles. 
Where the rain-water barrel and rain-water tank are necessary they 
should be screened. About a given house the waste places in the 
immediate vicinity should be carefully searched for tin cans, bottles, 
and wooden or tin boxes in which water can accumulate and all such 
receptacles should be destroyed or carried away. The roof gutters 
of every building should be earefully examined to make sure that 
they are not clogged so as to allow the water to accumulate. Where 
the branches of tall trees overhang roofs this is especially likely to 
occur by the agency of falling leaves or twigs. The chicken pans in 
the poultry yard, the water in the troughs for domestic animals, the 
water cup of the grindstone are all places in which these mosquitoes 
will breed and water should not be allowed to stand in them for 
more than a day or so at a time. 
In the South the water accumulating under water tanks should be 
treated or drained away. The urns in the cemeteries in New Orleans 
have been found to breed mosquitoes abundantly. The holy-water 
fonts in churches, especially in the South, have been found to breed 
mosquitoes abundantly. In slightly marshy ground a favorite breed- 
ing place is the footprints of cattle and horses. In one country 
village, which contained many small vegetable gardens in clay soil, 
during a rainy season mosquitoes were found breeding abundantly 
in the water accumulating in the furrows in the gardens. 
Even in the house these mosquitoes breed in many places where 
they may be overlooked. Where the water in flower vases is not 
frequently changed mosquitoes will breed. They will breed in 
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