REMEDIES AND PREVENTIVES AGAINST MOSQUITOES. 11 
water pitchers in unused guest rooms. They will breed in the tanks 
in the water-closets when these are not frequently in use. They will 
breed in pipes and under stationary washstands where these are not 
frequently in use, and they will issue from the sewer traps in back 
yards of city houses during dry spells in the summer time when 
the sewers have not recently been flushed by heavy rains. In ware- 
houses and on docks they breed abundantly in the fire buckets and in 
water barrels: Of course such places as these can not be abolished, 
but should be treated in accordance with measures indicated in 
another section of this bulletin. 
In country houses in the South, where ants are troublesome, and 
where it is the custom to insulate the legs of tables with small cups 
of water, mosquitoes will breed in these cups unless a small quantity 
of kerosene is poured in. Where broken bottles are placed upon a 
stone wall, water accumulates in the bottle fragments after rains, and 
mosquitoes will breed there. 
Old, disused wells in gardens are frequent sources of mosquito 
supply, even where apparently carefully covered, and here the 
nuisance is easily abated by the occasional application of kerosene. 
The same thing may be said of cesspools. Cesspools are frequently 
covered with stone and cement, but the slightest break in the cement, 
the slightest crack, will allow the entrance of these minute insects, 
and unlimited breeding often goes on in these pools without a sus- 
picion of the cause of the abundance of mosquitoes in the neigh- 
borhood. 
Fountains and ornamental ponds are frequent breeding places, and 
here the introduction of fish, as indicated in another place, is usually 
all-sufficient. It frequently happens, however, that the grass is 
allowed to grow down into the edges of ornamental ponds and mos- 
quito larve find refuge among the vegetation and so escape the fish. 
Broad-leaved water plants are also often grown in such ponds, and 
where these broad leaves lie flat on the surface of the water, as they 
frequently do, one portion of a given leaf may be submerged so that 
mosquito larve may breed freely in the water above the submerged 
portion of the leaf, protected from the fish by the leaf itself, the fish 
rising from below. It is necessary, therefore, to keep the edges of 
such ornamental ponds free from vegetation, and to choose aquatic 
plants whose growth will not permit of mosquito-larve protection. 
In these latter localities not only the house mosquitoes, previously 
mentioned, or the rain-water barrel mosquitoes will be found, but also 
some of the other forms, and particularly the malaria-breeding mos- 
quitoes of the genus Anopheles. Some of these breed in all sorts of 
water accumulations. 
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