12 SOME FACTS ABOUT MALARIA. 
Their growth is rather rapid, and they may in midsummer reach 
full size in two weeks after hatching. 
When full grown these larve transform to pupe (fig. 6) and re- 
main in this stage at the surface of the water for three or more days, 
when the adult mosqui- 
toes issue. 
PREVENTION AND CURE. 
There are now three 
recognized means of war- 
fare against malaria: (1) 
The mechanical protec- 
tion of individuals from 
the bites of malarial mos- 
quitoes; (2) the destruc- 
tion of the Anopheles 
mosquitoes in any or all 
of their different stages of 
growth; (3) the system- 
atic treatment of the pop- 
ulation of a malarious lo- 
cality with quinine until 
Fic. 4.—Anopheles quadrimaculatus: Eggs. Highly the malaria has been 
magnified. (Original.) 
stamped out and there are 
none of the parasites which cause this disease for the Anopheles mos- 
quitoes to carry. 
The first of these methods is largely a matter of personal preven- 
tion, and consists in thoroughly screening all habitations of human 
beings and, in the summer time, of wearing veils and gloves when 
out of doors after sundown. This method was systematically en- 
forced at the stations on the 
Italian railroads some years 
since and resulted in a very 
great reduction in the malaria 
rate. Fic. 5.—Anopheles quadrimaculatus: Larva 
in restin osition, Greatly enlarged. 
The second measure, that of ee ; : 
destroying the Anopheles, has 
been practiced with admirable success in Cuba, in Panama, in West 
Africa, in Egypt, and in certain localities in India. The measures of 
mosquito destruction used in these localities and elsewhere are de- 
scribed in a companion Farmers’ Bulletin (No. 444). 
The quininization method, or cinchonization method as it is called 
by the Germans and the Italians, has been used by the Germans in’ 
East Africa and by the Italians and, to some extent, by the English 
