DANGER OF SPREAD OF GIPSY AND BROWN-TAIL MOTHS. 15 
importation of insect-infested or diseased plant stock. Referring 
to European powers only, Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Hol- 
land, Switzerland, and Turkey prohibit absolutely the entry from 
the United States of all nursery stock whatever. Furthermore, our 
fruits are admitted to these countries only when a most rigid exami- 
nation shows freedom from insect infestation. Most of the other 
European countries have strict quarantine and inspection laws, and 
the same is true of important English and other colonial possessions. 
A properly enforced quarantine inspection law in the past would 
have excluded many, if not most, of the foreign insect enemies which 
are now levying an enormous tax upon the products of the farms, 
orchards, and forests of this country. Fully 50 per cent of the insect 
pests in this country are of foreign origin, and new important foreign 
pests are becoming established practically every year. 
It is of the greatest importance, therefore, that an adequate inspec- 
tion and quarantine law be passed at the earliest moment. 
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DIFFERENT STAGES OF THE 
GIPSY AND BROWN-TAIL MOTHS. 
THE GIPSY MOTH. 
The gipsy moth (Porthetria dispar I.) is an European pest which 
was accidentally introduced into Massachusetts nearly 40 years ago, 
and has since spread rather slowly, being still confined to the eastern 
part of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, the southern part of New 
Hampshire, and to more or less isolated localities in eastern Connect- 
icut and southwestern Maine. 
The presence of this insect was first discovered in Boston in 1889, 
and the State of Massachusetts for a number of years kept up a 
vigorous effort to exterminate the insect, making large appropriations 
therefor. This work was abandoned, however, in 1900, but the con- 
ditions soon became so bad that appropriations were again made in 
1905, and have since been continued annually. In spite of the work 
of that State, the situation became so serious that the National Gov- 
ernment, particularly on the ground of the great danger that these 
pests would soon spread to other States, was called upon to assist, 
and since 1907 Congress has been making annual appropriations to 
aid in the work of control. The amount of this appropriation is now 
$300,000 annually. 
The destructive work of the gipsy moth has been referred to in 
the foregoing portions of this bulletin. A brief sketch is here given 
of the life history and habits of the insect with photographs to aid 
anyone in promptly recognizing it should it appear in new localities. 
The gipsy moth has a wide distribution throughout middle and 
southern Europe, northern Africa, and Asia, including Japan. Ina 
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