82 SANITARY PRIVY. 
destruction of the animal parasites as of the bacteria. Therefore, 
pending further investigations, the use of chemically treated excre- 
ment as fertilizer should not be regarded as unqualifiedly safe. 
(4) Chemical disinfection, with subsequent burial: Inasmuch as 
chemical disinfection can be relied upon to destroy the disease-pro- 
ducing bacteria in night soil, and inasmuch as burial greatly reduces 
the danger from animal parasites, a suitable combination of the two 
methods (chemical disinfection and burial) can be used with reason- 
able safety. 
(5) Sewers: In partially sewered towns the effluent from these 
privies may be emptied into the sewers. If conditions are such that 
the addition of this material to the sewage is dangerous, then the 
entire sewer system needs correction. 
THE PRIVY AT THE COUNTRY SCHOOL AND CHURCH. 
Although a farmer may prevent soil pollution on his own farm by 
the use of sanitary privies, his children may be exposed to the dan- 
gers of soil pollution at the schools which they attend, and his entire 
family may be so exposed even when they attend church, unless the 
schools and churches are provided with sanitary privies. In fact, 
schools and churches not provided with such outhouses necessarily 
form distributing centers from which certain diseases spread to clean 
farms. 
CIVIC RESPONSIBILITY IN RESPECT TO PRIVIES. 
Lack of sanitary privies on neighboring farms may be responsible 
for cases of typhoid fever, hookworm disease, and other infections 
on farms which are provided with sanitary privies, because disease 
germs may be carried for considerable distances by flies, by animals, 
by feet of persons, by wagon wheels, or by drainage from one farm 
to another. 
In view of these well-established facts it is evident that among the 
highest duties that rest upon a farmer, as a father and citizen, is not 
only to have a sanitary privy on his farm, but to insist that the 
pollution of soil with human excreta be prevented throughout the 
entire neighborhood by the use of sanitary privies. 
In the United States about 400,000 persons suffer from and about 
35,000 die from typhoid each year; over 2,000,000 persons have hook- 
worm disease. Thousands of these deaths and many thousands of 
these cases of disease might be prevented by the simple use of sani- 
tary privies. A compulsory sanitary privy law or ordinance should 
therefore be enacted and be strictly enforced in every locality not 
provided with a properly maintained sewer system. 
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